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Push and Pull factors of migration and emigration - SOICAL - Coggle Diagram
Push and Pull factors of migration and emigration - SOICAL
Push
Immigration
Many Scots felt like they had very poor conditions in rural parts of Scotland, for example, many Highland Scots lived in 'black houses' which were houses with very little comfort and ventilation.
This pushed Scots to migrate from the highlands and lowlands to cities because they were seeking for better living conditions
People were pushed due to the fact that the standards of education were low e.g 30% of the population in the Hebrides could read. This pushed people to migrate as they wanted to receive a better education.
emigration
Poor living conditions encouraged Scots to emigrate. For example, in 1930, Scotland had the highest infant mortality rate in Europe. This encourage Scots to emigrate as they were in search of improved living conditions abroad.
Pull
Immgration
There was greater education of the rural population in some parts of the Highlands. This pulled people to migrate as it meant that finding work was significantly more likely.
Cities offered more social life as well as more leisure and freedom for workers. New and exciting leisure activities emerged in cities e.g Edinburgh opened the first cinema in Scotland in 1896.
This pulled Scots to migrate to cities as it appealed to be more exciting due to the new activities they did not get to experience in rural areas as rural workers were tired of their boring social life.
New railways and steamboat links connected parts of Scotland and made it much easier, cheaper, quicker and less dangerous to travel.
add in textbook example here
Emigration
Emigration was encouraged by an increasing number of journals, newspaper articles and guides which increased awareness of places where they could emigrate to which provided work. For example, they advertised ship sailing information and additional letters of successful emigrants. This encouraged emigration as it provided facts and stories about successful emigration, encouraging other Scots to follow.
how countries like Canada used advertising in newspapers and posters to promote for specific types of Scottish workers and often offered free travel to Canada and a better wage e.g Anchor-Donaldson shipping line
Improvement of transport network encouraged more people to emigrate. For example, new steamships were introduced which made the crossing in around 1 week which was significantly faster compared to the previous 6 weeks. These improvements of safety and speed boosted Scottish immigration.
Railway connections such as the Canadian Pacific Railway played a major role in promoting emigration to Canada. This encouraged emigrants as it made the journey less intimidating and easier.
Letters were sent home from successful emigrants to friends or family members, encouraging them to join them. This encouraged emigration as Scots were comforted by the successful stories and reduced fear of moving.