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HIV - post module mind map - Coggle Diagram
HIV - post module mind map
White Hat (facts)
Pathophysiology
HIV is a virus that:
Binds with DNA of a cell to replicate itself
Impacts CD4 Helper & T-lymphocyte cells which impacts immune system function
Leads to AIDS if untreated
Destroys or impairs cellular function
Exposure to HIV
Most common forms
Parental transmission
Blood & blood products
Sexual transmission
Mother to child transmission
Occupational exposure
Body fluids
Can transmit
Blood, semen, vaginal & cervical secretions, breast milk
Can't transmit
Tears, sweat, urine, faeces, saliva
Viral replication
Enveloped inside HIV cell is viral structures for replication
Viral RNA
Specific enzymes: reverse transcriptase, integrase, protease
Life cycle/replication process
Infiltrates cell and enters directly
Viral DNA is formed through reverse transcription
Fuses to surface of host cell
New viral RNA used as genomic to make viral protein
Point of infection
Moves to cell surface
New immature HIV virus forms
Released into host system
HIV is single stranded RNA enveloped in lipid biolayer
Clinical staging markers
CD4+ T-Cell count
Plasma viral load
Markers change over course of life post exposure
Pattern of progression in untreated HIV
Different in managed HIV, can be stropped & slowed
Types
HIV-1
World-wide ditsribution
Most common type
HIV-2
Less effectively transmitted
Progresses to AIDS at slower rate
Localised in Western Africa
AIDS
Advanced stage of disease where immune function severely comprimised
Classified by
CD4 T-cell count below 200cells/mm3
Presence of >1 HIV related opportunistic infection
Not a type, is a progression of HIV
History of HIV
Believed that first humans became infected in animal to human transmission from chimpanzees
Rapid spread of disease in Africa in 1920's - 1960's
Arrived in USA in 1969
Spread into high risk population in western world in 1960's - 1980's
Notably homosexual men
AIDS first defined in US and diagnosed in Aus in 1982
Rise in social and political action in 1980's
Victorian aids action committee, screening campaigns, ad's and awareness campaigns including "grim reaper ad" , first Australian HIV/AIDS strategy
1990's
Highest AIDS diagnosis incidence in Aus 1994
ART therapy developed, combined therapy reducing mortality and morbidity in people with HIV
Lowest number of new HIV diagnoses in Australia 1999
Due to scientific advancement, social/political/community reform
2000's
First post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) approved for use
Episodic disability framework conceptualised for people with HIV
Utilises contributions for HIV community, health providers and rearchers
Outlines challenges of physiological limitations, social exclusion, and general uncertainties related to disease
First pill per day treatment approved
Makes ART more accessible & improves compliance
2010's
Rapid testing allows early detection
Identify and focus on priority populations
Self-testing devices approved
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) approved and subsidised by PBS in Australia
People with HIV can have full life expectancy with proper mediacl management
Changes in demographics
People living longer with HIV
Higher rates in First Nations Peoples in Australia
Decline in LGBTI men, steady rates in heterosexual populations
Data in some pacific countries poor, of concern for health service delivery
Treatments
PrEP
ART
Reduces amount of HIV in body
Prevents progression of HIV to AIDS
Reduces risk of transmission
Protects immune system allowing it to fight opportunistic infections
Red Hat (feelings)
I can understand that patient with HIV may be reluctant to disclose or discuss their HIV status due to social stigma, particularly in a rural area
Allied Health has a key role in the person centred rehab required in episodic diability HIV causes
The lack of available HIV services in my area has the potential to make patients feel isolated
My increased understanding of how HIV impacts bodily systems allows me to better comprehend the potential impact of the condition on patients
I can work to help create the supportive, safe environment that reduces stigma and barriers to health service access
Green Hat (creativity)
AHP's with skills and training in HIV have the opportunity to lead health service delivery as HIV becomes more prevalent with treatment increasing lifespan
Opportunity to address social stigma and educate to remove barriers to healthcare access through checking unconscious biases, improving knowledge of HIV and associated conditions
Working collaboratively with the MDT provides an opportunity to optimise patient care and health outcomes
AHP's can work collaboratively and creatively with patients to support rehab linked to patient goals around functional capacity, social participation and QOL
There is an opportunity to link with Indigenous Health services to help close the gap in HIV diagnosis and treatment
Using groups and group therapy can provide patient centred care and a safe supportive environment
Black Hat (difficulties)
Social stigma remains an issue, impacting health care access
Lack of support services in rural/remote communities
Infection control procedures and need for compliance, particularly when working with blood products and sharps
Lack of data regarding prevalence and treatment in HIV status in neighboring countries can impact health service provision in Australia
First Nations Australians have higher rates of new diagnosis - need to work to engage communities in a culturally competent manner
The increasing life span of people living with HIV provides challenges for health services including managing comorbidities and
Chronic nature of HIV means health services will be required to increasingly treat episodic disability
HIV can impact a number of body systems including msk disorders, neurological disorder and cardio resp conditions
Requires MDT input and appropriate resources
There is only a small number of AHP's in designated rehab facilities
AHP's need to improve knowledge and skills in working with HIV patients
Yellow Hat (benefits)
Targeted intervention can improve a number of functional and health related outcomes
Engaging consumers provides opportunity to link with other appropriate health services including support groups and HIV specific rehab programs
Health care providers can be safe space for people to engage and improve health
Management of flare ups of disability can reduce burden and improve outcomes
Adressing social stigma has provide the policy and funding changes that has significantly reduced disease burden in HIV
ART and PrEP have significantly reduced HIV and AIDS burden
Appropriate training and upskilling for AHPs can allow them to support patient in a person centered rehab approach that improves functional outcomes and QOL
Blue Hat (Overview)
Increased life expectancy with better treatment has changed demographics of people living with HIV - increasingly older
Episodic flare ups of disability that benefit from targeted intervention linked to a number of body systems
HIV is now a chronic disease
Recent medical advances have significantly improved lifespan, QOL and symptom burden
Person centred care is vital in appropriate management
Although now treatable, there remains no cure and HIV poses significant health consequences
Non-compliance with treatment remains an issue - contributes to reduced life expectancy and AIDS development