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Disorders of Growth and Development - Coggle Diagram
Disorders of Growth and Development
Genetic Disorders of Growing
Characteristics
Growing proportionately, low growth from young age,
Chronic Illness
Characteristics
Will typically have fall of weight first, then height will fall off afterwards
Hypothyroidism
Characteristics
Most common cause of short stature
Typically will see weight grow well, but height will not grow as much
Endocrinopathy
Typically, will see height more affected than weight
Obesity
Typically in obesity, growth velocity will be seen to be normal
Congenital Hypothyroidism
Signs
Early
Pallor, enlarged tongue, umbillical hernia, hypotonia, prolonged jaundice, rough dry skin
Late
facial puffiness, hoarse cry, growth retardation, poor development,
Treatment
Treated with levothyroxin, typically children will have normal lives
Delayed Puberty
Approach
LH/FSH
Low
Central
Constitutional delay of Growth and Puberty
Hypothalamic or Pituitary Cause
High
Peripheral
Gonadal Failure
Can differentiate between central and peripheral cause
Hypogonadotrophic Hypogonadism
Hypothalmic, congenital (kallman), chronic illness, anorexia nervosa, athletics, psychogenic, hyperprolactinemia, hypothyroidism
Hypergonadotrophic Hypogonadism
Males: Klinefelters, Noonan's, Testicular torsion, Vanishing Testes
Females:Turners, Gonadal Dysgenesis
Both: Irradiation, chemo, autoimmune, infections
Investigations
Growth records, bone age, LH/FSH, Sex hormones (not needed), Other hormones as needed
Treatment
Boys: Testosterone IM injection, transdermal patch
Girls: Low dose estrogen -> increase dose -> cycle estrogen and progesterone
Precocious Puberty
Central
Females: Increased estrogens and androgens
Males: Increased testicular volume
Peripheral
Females
Estrogen: Will see breast development in females
Androgens: Will see other development such as pubic hair or other androgen aspects
Males
Estrogen: Gynecomastia
Androgens: increased in pubertal signs