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Chapter 13: Qualitative Analysis - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 13: Qualitative Analysis
Grounded Theory: an inductive technique of interpreting recorded data about a social phenomenon to build theories about that phenomenon.
Open coding: a process aimed at identifying concepts or key ideas that are hidden within textual data, that could be potentially related to the phenomenon of interest.
Categories: similar concepts are grouped into higher order.
Axial coding: categories and subcategories are assembled into causal relationships or hypotheses that can tentatively explain the phenomenon of interest.
Selective coding: identifying a central category or a core variable and systematically and logically relating this central categories into other categories.
Theoretical saturation: when additional data does not yield any marginal change in the core categories or the relationships.
Storylining: categories and relationships are used to explicate and/or refine a story of the observed phenomenon.
Memoing: the process of using memos to discover patterns and relationships between categories using two-by-two tables, diagrams or figures, or other illustrative displays.
Concept mapping: graphical representation of concepts and relationships between those concepts.
Content Analysis
Sentiment analysis: technique used to capture people's opinion or attitude toward an object, person, or phenomenon.
5 levels or phases in interpreting
1) convert recorded tapes into raw text data or transcripts for content analysis.
2) convert raw data into condensed protocols.
3) convert condensed protocols into a preliminary category system.
4) use the preliminary category system to generate coded protocols.
5) analyze coded protocols to generate interpretations about the phenomenon of interest.
Limitations
The coding process is restricted to the information available in the text form.
Sampling must be done carefully to avoid sampling bias.
Hermeneutic Analysis: a special type of content analysis where the researcher tries to "interpret" the subjective meaning of a given text within its socio-historic context.
Hermeneutic analysis is an interpretive technique for analyzing qualitative data.
Researcher continually iterates between singular interpretation of the text (the part) and a holistic understanding of the context (the whole) to develop a fuller understanding of the phenomenon.
Conclusion
Programs such as ATLAS.ti.5, NVivo, and QDA Miner, can be used to automate coding processes in qualitative research methods.
The schema can be organized in a hierarchical manner to organize codes into higher-order codes or constructs.
The coding schema should be validated using a different sample of texts for accuracy and adequacy.
If a coding schema is biased or incorrect, the resulting analysis of the entire population of the text may be flawed and noninterpretable.