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- - - - SYNTHESIS
      - BREAKING DOWN
      - INTRACELLULAR AND
        EXTRACELLULAR ENZYMES
        
        Intracellular enzymes are synthesized and retained in the cell for the use of cell itself.
        They are found in the cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplast.
        
        Extracellular enzymes are synthesized in the cell but secreted from the cell to work externally.
- - - - Disease diagnosis and treatment: Enzyme levels and activities can be indicative of certain diseases, and they are sometimes targeted for therapeutic purposes, such as in enzyme replacement therapy or enzyme inhibition for the treatment of specific conditions.
      - Cellular signaling: Enzymes are involved in various signaling pathways within cells, enabling cells to respond to external stimuli and communicate with one another.
      - DNA replication and repair: Enzymes like DNA polymerase and ligase are essential for the accurate replication and repair of DNA during cell division and other cellular processes.
      - Digestion: Enzymes such as amylase, protease, and lipase aid in the breakdown of complex food molecules into simpler forms that can be absorbed and utilized by the body.
      - Metabolic regulation: Enzymes play a crucial role in regulating metabolic pathways, ensuring that necessary biochemical reactions occur at the right time and in the right amount.
- - - - Enzymes can be regulated by other molecules that either increase or reduce their activity. Molecules that increase the activity of an enzyme are called activators, while molecules that decrease the activity of an enzyme are called inhibitors.
      - Feedback inhibition
      - Allosteric regulation
      - Non-competitive inhibition
      - Competitive inhibition
- - - - Inducible enzymes: Their synthesis is induced by the presence of a substrate.
        
        Repressible enzymes: Their synthesis is repressed by the presence of a substrate or a product.
        
        Constitutive enzymes: Expressed at a constant level regardless of the presence of substrate.
  - - - Lipases: Enzymes that catalyze the breakdown of lipids.
      - Amylases: Enzymes that catalyze the breakdown of starch into sugars.
      - Cellulases: Enzymes that catalyze the breakdown of cellulose into glucose.
      - Polymerases: Enzymes that catalyze the polymerization of nucleotides or amino acids.
      - Proteases: Enzymes that catalyze the breakdown of proteins.