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How does sports medicine address the demands of specific athletes? -…
How does sports medicine address the demands of specific athletes?
Sub point 1: Children and young athletes
Appropriate resistance training
Apropriate resistance training can help to build the skills the athlete needs in the sport and helps to increase muscle strenght, size, power and speed. this should always be done under a trained prefessionals supervision and for all young athletes trainig should be repeated 2-3 times a week max
Overuse injuries
OVERALL: Often among young athletes who compete at a high level, and are due to small injuries that haven't recovered, causing the injury to reoccur and often takes longer to recover from.
EXAMPLES: Shin splints, tendonitis, stress fractures
HOW: Caused by: poor recovery, high stress loads, poor technique, poor muscle strength, ill fitted equipment
Thermoregulation
OVERALL: The maintenance of a stable body temperature to avoid hyper and hypothermia , this is harder for children as their bodies aren't yet developed and will overheat 3-5 times faster than an adults
HOW: Children need to be continuously managed for any signs of heatstroke, hyper and hypothermia
TREATMENT:
general thermoregulation: lie the person in a cool place, remove any unnecessary clothing, sponge with cool water, seek medical attention
Heat stroke: DRSABCD, apply cold packs with ice, lie the person in a place with ventilation and cool air, seek medical attention
Hypothermia: DRSABCD, lie the person in a warm dry place, cover with blanket, medical attention, warm drinks
Medical conditions
Asthma
OVERALL: A condition that affects the airways through inflammation of the bronchioles Can be triggered by dust, pollen, pollution and exercise ( more likely in long periods of exercise than short)
HOW: Treated through an asthma management plan and appropriate medication, if an asthma attack occurs first aid needs to start as soon as possible.
Diabetes
TYPE 1: Caused by an auto immune disorder where the body doesn't produce enough insulin, more prevalent in children
TYPE 2: Caused by a poor diet and lack of physical activity, high levels of insulin
HYPERGLACEMIC: occur slowly and can cause thirst, vomiting, weak and rapid pulse and breathing- treated through medical attention as soon as possible
HYPOGLACEMIC: sudden, can cause rapid heart rate, sweating, shaking, dizziness, shaking, anxiety and unconsciousness- to treat seek high sugary foods such as jellybeans
Treatment overall: young athletes should always have access to sugary foods and should eat before and after an event. their blood sugars should be monitored closely to prevent a hyper or hypo event
Epilepsy
OVERALL: A disruption in normal brain activity, causing the electrons to misfire this can further cause the athlete to experience a tonic clonic or absent seizure, can be treated through medication.
First aid: put a cushion under the person head, loosen any tight clothing, turn the person on their side, time and watch the seizure, dont put anything in the persons mouth, dont hold down, look for any id
Sub point 2: Aged and adult athletes
Bone density
OVERALL: As people age bone density decreases and becomes more fragile, and becomes more at risk of osteoporosis. fractures are more likely to occur.
WHY: Can lead to bone density: genetics, female, early menopause, small size, inadequate diet, poor physical activity
HOW: Resistance training, swimming, walking and water aerobics can help to prevent and build up bone density. Bone density can limit the amount of sports the person participates in.
Flexibility and Joint Mobility
HOW: As a person decreases their movement both decrease, this can lead to increase risk of strains and sprains in the area , both refers to the range of motion they have in the area limited can make it harder to do every day tasks.
EXAMPLES: yoga, tai chi, walking, Pilates, swimming
Heart conditions
HOW: Strength training and weight training can be beneficial to those who are diagnosed or has a family history of heart conditions they need to undergo regular screening and testing, and should seek medical professionals before exercising.
EXAMPLES: Heart attacks, high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, angina, heart valve disease.
OVERALL: Aged athlete with a heart condition can adapt to exercise and should do regularly in order to improve blood flow, heart health, and circulatory health.
EXAMPLES OF SPORTS : golf, cycling, tennis, tai chi and walking
OVERALL: Exercising as a person ages helps to maintain aerobic heath, flexibility muscular endurance and strength and can decrease the risk of illnesses such as diabetes, and helps in social and mental health.
Sub point 3: Female athletes
Pregnancy
OVERALL: Elite athletes women are encouraged to lightly exercise to increase blood-flow and decrease the risk of gestational diabetes, Elite athletes shouldn't participate in contact sports, many sports including rugby have rules when a women should stop playing intense sports in protection of themselves and the baby, but should instead participate in swimming, walking and yoga especially in the third trimester.
Iron deficiency
OVERALL: Needed to allow haemoglobin to form to carry oxygen, if deficient it increase in fatigue causing an increase risk of injury, and can cause loss of the athletes period in sever cases.
Bone density:
OVERALL: This is impacted by the amount of calcium in the bones, athletes with eating disorder are more likely to have poor bone density due to not consuming the right minerals.
HOW: Affects sport participation, due to risk of fractures, can be improved through proper diet, weight baring and resistance training.
OVERALL: The relationship between ( eating disorders, iron deficiency and menstruation) is known as the female triad low oestrogen levels= missed period increased muscle mass= more testosterone vital nutrient for sport participation= calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium
Eating disorders:
OVERALL: these are prevalent in sports such as dancing, gymnastics as there is high pressure on body image, weight shape and appearance
HOW: Can decrease nutrient intake, as well as the menstral cycle and skeletal health. These being at a low level can affect other processes including: cellular growth, maintenance, repair and thermo regulation.
RED-S:
OVERALL: Conceders the energy/ depreciation levels
SYMPTOMS: Weight loss, periods stopping, reoccurring illnesses, decreased sport performances, mood changes, delayed growth and development, iron deficiency