Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

CYP 2000 words Physical Activity and…

- - - - Taylor et al. - - Evidence also exists that physical activity shows overall declines during childhood and adolescence (Brodersen, Steptoe, Boniface, & Wardle, 2007),
      - Ridley et al - - Physical activity declined in the transition but not the secondary cohort. The decline was most pronounced during school break times. Independent predictors of physical activity change were: change in enjoyment in the transition cohort; and changes in enjoyment, perceived outcomes, and friend encouragement in the secondary cohort
      - Ridley et al - o Steep declines in physical activity have been reported among children as they transition to adolescence, and females are at particular risk. In addition to a decrease in total physical activity, participation in vigorous physical activity shows a marked decrease, while time spent in screen-based sedentary behaviours increases during adolescence [1,2].
      - Decline in physical activity over transition (Taylor et al, Ridley et al, Knowles et al.
      - Knowles et al - environmental changes such as larger class sizes and more students
    - - Inchly et al (2020) Average: 24% of 11 year olds meetguidelines• (Scotland: 20% girls; 22% boys) and levels get lower as get older• by age 15, only 16% meetguidelines• Lower levels associated withdeprivation (Chzhen et al, 2018)• Or are they?
        
        DONT KNOW REFERENCE
  - - - iii. McCluskey et al (2021) Exacerbated by the pandemic
      - HBSC Report - The report also found that around a third of young people reported anxiety, with higher levels among girls than boys; and over a third (35%) were classified as having either low mood or risk of depression.
      - iv. Mind (2021) 88% of young people experienced mental distress during or before the coronavirus pandemic Young people are most likely to use negative ways to cope. A third (32%) of young people have self-harmed to cope, making them more than twice as likely to have coped by self-harming than adults (14%).
      - Scottish Governemnt (2020) - Young people are at higher risk of mental health impacts due to COVID 19
      - Lester et al (2013)- with depression and anxiety representing the most common mental health problem among adolescents worldwide (WHO, 2011)
    - - Lester et al (2013) -During this time (transition), students report a reduced sense of connectedness, which has been associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety
        
        [Neilsen et al (2017) -- Research from Australia and elsewhere has reported students experience a reduced sense of school connectedness and perceived quality of school life during the transition from primary to secondary school (Lester, Waters, & Cross, 2013; O’Brennan & Furlong, 2010; Pereira & Pooley, 2007).
      - Lester et al (2013) - - School connectedness describes the quality of the social relationships within a student’s experience of school: that is, the extent to which a student feels like he/she belongs at school and feels cared for by the school community (McNeely, Nonnemaker, & Blum, 2002)
      - Lester et al (2013) -- Connectedness is also associated with a more positive attitude towards others, better psychological adjustment, lower emotional distress, and reduced suicide involvement (Resnick et al., 1997).
      - Lester et al (2013) -- The onset for many depressive and anxiety disorders is around age 13, with the incidence of depression and anxiety increasing and peaking in adolescence (Hankin & Abramson, 2001) and persisting into early adulthood (Klomek, Sourander, & Gould, 2011
        
        Nielsen et al (2017)- Most mental disorders begin during adolescence and early adulthood (10–24 years of age) and poor mental health is associated with negative educational, health and social outcomes (Patel, Flisher, Hetrick, & McGorry, 2007).
      - -Neilsen (2017) Children and adolescents’ mental health is affected by family, peer, community, societal and cultural influences (Viner et al., 2012; Waters, Cross, & Runions, 2009; WHO, 2014). The socio-ecological model of mental health promotion stresses the interdependence of individuals, families, communities and societies, and recognizes that mental health is embedded in, and influenced by, a wider social, economic and cultural ecology (Barry, 2007; Zubrick & Kovess-Masfety, 2005).
      - Neilsen et al (2017)- The transition period is also an especially vulnerable time as it coincides with developmental and socio-emotional changes associated with becoming adolescents (Hanewald, 2013) as well as with the onset of many depressive and anxiety disorders (Hankin and Abramson, 2001).
- - - - Knowles et al, Taylor, Ridleyl - better social support/peer groups can help to increase uptake in physical exercise
      - Knowles et al - could be a challenge with larger class sizes
  - - - Ridley et al - more choice, variety and motivational music
    - - Physically active breaks (the daily mile) Arkesteyn, A. et al. (2022) Mental health outcomes of the Daily Mile in elementary school children: a single‐arm pilot study. Child and adolescent mental health. [Online] 27 (4), 361–368.
        FOUND THAT IT MAY IMPROVE MENTAL HEALTH
    - - Schmidt, S. K. et al. (2022) Secondary school teachers’ experiences with classroom-based physically active learning: “I’m excited, but it’s really hard”. Teaching and teacher education. [Online] 116103753-.