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victorian age 1837-1901, The American Civil War (1861-65), Victorian…
victorian age 1837-1901
the Anglo-Boer Wars
england controlled 2 colonies in South Africa, Cape Colony and Natal, while the Boers controlled Transvaal and Orange free state;
Queen Victoria
she was married to prince Albert and had 9 children. in 1857 she made him Prince Consort, at title still in use.
she ruled for 64 years, her name was given to an age of economic, social, scientific progress and stability.
Age of reform 1830
children aged 9 to 13 could not work than 48 h a week, aged 13 to 18 more than 72 h a week.
the poor could live and work in Workhouses (run by the church, it was a system where families were split, given a bed, clothes and food in exchange of work).
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Technological progress
in 1851 Prince Albert organised the first Great Exibition, housed in Hyde Park at the Crystal Palace. in 1860 the building of the London underground began
because of the second industrialisation and because the wave of revolution in 1848 was avoided, England became the centre of technological and economic power
Foreign Policy
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1853 Crimean war --> Britain, France and Turkey won the war, against Russia
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victorian compromise
an age in wich progess and stability coexisted with poverty and injustice, Methodism spread and a lot fo charities were created; people believed both in god and science and freedom was linked with religion.
respectability was a very important value but it was a mix of morality and hypocrisy, because it was something for middle class to keep the status. the status imposed puritans customs in which people rejected sexuality and sticked to the role society gave them.
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Victorian thinkers
Scientific field biology progess with Darwin's "origin of species" and the theory of natural selection,
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Utilitarianism
institutions need to be tested to determine weather they are useful, and they provide happines.
for Bentham right and wrong actions lead to right and wrong consequences, and so problems could be overcome only with reason.