Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Political Frameworks
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)
Emtricitabine
(FTC)
Abacavir
(abacavir sulfate, ABC)
Protease Inhibitors (PIs)
Darunavir
(darunavir ethanolate, DRV)
Fosamprenavir
(fosamprenavir calcium, FOS-APV, FPV)
Atazanavir
(atazanavir sulfate, ATV)
International Agreements and Commitments:
International Partnerships
Funding
Treatments available
Un Member Countries Commit to Action to End AIDS by 2030
International Human Rights: Article 12 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights acknowledges the right of all individuals to experience the highest achievable level of both physical and mental health
The Global Fund: The Global Fund invests more than US$5 billion a year to defeat HIV, TB and malaria and ensure a healthier, safer, more equitable future for all.
The U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR): The US government has invested over $100 Billion to over 50 Countries to n the global HIV/AIDS response, saving over 25 million lives, preventing millions of HIV infections
Gene therapy: Anti-HIV-1 gene therapy has several key goals: protecting hematopoietic progenitor cells from HIV-1, rendering susceptible cells resistant to the virus, inducing immunity to HIV-1 antigens, and inhibiting viral activity in specific organ target sites like the central nervous system. These objectives form a multifaceted approach to combat HIV-1 infection.
Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies: bnAbs prevent HIV-1 infection by selectively targeting vulnerable sites on the viral envelope (Env) protein that facilitates the entry of HIV.
Antiretroviral Therapy: Involves the daily administration of a combination of HIV medications, known as an HIV regimen, to manage and treat HIV infection. Typically, an individual's initial HIV regimen comprises a selection of three antiretroviral (ARV) drugs, chosen from a pool of at least seven different HIV drug classes.
UNAIDS:The United Nations agency established to address the global HIV/AIDS pandemic. It coordinates international efforts to prevent HIV transmission, provide treatment and care, and combat discrimination and stigma associated with the disease
World Health Organization: The Department of Global HIV, Hepatitis, and Sexually Transmitted Infections Program(WHO/HHS), which is a part of the World Health Organization (WHO), takes the lead in devising and executing the worldwide health sector strategy aimed at eliminating these three diseases as public health threats.
International AIDS Society: The International AIDS Society (IAS) is the largest global organization of HIV professionals, boasting members from over 170 countries. The IAS serves as a platform for educating and advocating with the overarching goal of fostering a world where HIV no longer poses a risk to public health systems and individual well-being.
HIV Infected Population: 33.1–45.7 million
Demographics
High Risk Groups
7.7% among Men Who Have Sex with Men
0.7% among Youth Aged 13 - 24 Years old
10.3% among Transgender Persons
Health Care Systems
Prevention in Spread and Transmission of HIV
Facilitates treatment manufacturing and accessibility
Resource Allocation: Strategically allocating monetary resources to HIV programs and services to ensure that are sufficiently funded
Treatment and Care: Ensuring that treatment is readily available, accessible and cost efficient for all patients
Surveillance and Monitoring: Accurately collecting and recording new infections to analyze public health trends
Testing and Diagnosing: Providing accessibility and availability to various testing and diagnosing sites, clinics and hospitals
Harm Reduction: Implementing needle reduction programs to reduce transmission rates among vulnerable populations that injected drugs
Prevention and Education: Educating through community outreach, health literacy programs and patient engagement on ways to prevent contracting and spreading the virus alongside reducing stigmas and discrimination associated with the virus
Capacity Building: Recruiting and training health professionals to adequately treat HIV infected patients with top quality care
Health systems play a role in shaping and executing HIV-related policies, encompassing guidelines for testing, treatment, and preventive approaches.
Funding is integral to the development, implementation, and success of social policies related to HIV. It ensures that resources are available to combat the HIV epidemic effectively and provide care, support, and prevention to individuals
Social Policies
HIV incidence rises in the absence of social policies and decreases when there is an abundance of them
5.0% among People who Inject Drugs
Regional Impact
Eastern and Southern Africa: 20.8 million
Asia and Pacific: 6.5 million
Western and
central Africa: 4.8 million
Western and
central Europe and North America: 2.3 million
Latin America: 2 million
2.5% among sex workers
1.4% among People in Prison
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