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P8 (Atom, Radioactivity, Nuclear equations, Half life), - Coggle Diagram
P8
Atom
Nucleus
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Space between nucleus and electrons is empty space - atoms make up all mater, most of an atom is empty space
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Isotopes -
Atoms with same number of protons, but different number of neutrons
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All isotopes are chemically identical, distinguish isotopes by their mass
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Radioactivity
Radioactive decay
Enough neutrons to hold nucleus together, atom will be stable
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Types of radiation
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Beta radiation
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Electron emission is the emission of a negatively charged electron. Modeled by a few millimeters of aluminum
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Less ionising than alpha particles, having single charge, travel through air or millimeters of living tissue. .
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Gamma radiation
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Can be blocked by 30cm of steel, but intensity can be halved by 1cm of lead
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Less ionising than alpha or beta radiation, but penetrate greater distances.
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the time it takes for half of the unstable nuclei in a sample to decay or for the activity of the sample to halve or for the count rate to halve.
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Radiation safety
Dose
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Every year, you recieve a approximate of 1700uSv
detecting radiation
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Photographic film turns dark when it absorbs light, also turns dark when it absorbs radiation.
Geiger - muller tube absorbs radiation and produces electrical pulse, which causes machine to make a clicking sound
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Nuclear equations
Nuclear symbol
shows chemical symbol of element, mass number and atomic number
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Nuclear reactions
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When occurred, new element is formed. It depends on the type of radioactive particle
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Radionuclide decays
Forms another unstable atom, forming a new atom. This will continue until a stable nuclide is formed
Half life
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Time it takes for half of the unstable nuclei in a sample to decay or for the activity of the sample to halve or for the count rate to halve.
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