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Five Challenges in the Field of Viral Diversity and Evolution - Coggle…
Five Challenges in the Field of Viral Diversity and Evolution
virus-virus infection
Success of viral infection may depend on the
presence of other viruses
Viruses often undergo inter-host transmission and intra-host
dissemination, promoting coinfection.
Virus-virus interactions typically take place when viruses share gene products
Horizontal gene transfers may be caused by coinfection
The evolution of viruses allows us to predict their
occurrence and challeges
We are still limited in predicting virus variants
The use of RNA viruses help in prediction of virus evolution
Scientists are still having trouble with understanding animal to human transmission
Lab experiments can provide useful info about
repeatability/predictability of virus evolution
Directional selection produces parallel evolution in a lab
environment
Deep mutational scanning and microfluidics has assisted in
creating viral diversity
Experiments using tumor cells typically provide an unnatural environment
Viral evolution can be taken from phylogenetic analysis and are dependent on timescales
The fitness of a virus is linked to the rate at which a virus infects cells
Reference
Sanjuán R, Illingworth CJR, Geoghegan JL, Iranzo J, Zwart MP, Ciota AT, Moratorio G, Gago-Zachert S, Duffy S, Vijaykrishna D. 2021. Five Challenges in the Field of Viral Diversity and Evolution. Frontiers in Virology. 1. doi:
https://doi.org/10.3389/fviro.2021.684949
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Characterizing the virosphere:
certain viral features have evolved recurrently
viruses evolve from one another
ancestry of viral groups is connected