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Structural Changes in Central Asia (GROUP1), - - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Tajikistan is rich in mineral resources, including aluminium, tin, gold, silver, coal and other minerals. The mining sector has increased in importance in the structure of the economy, especially aluminium and gold production.
    - - The services sector has gradually increased in Tajikistan's economy, especially finance, retail, catering and tourism. This trend reflects urbanisation and growing consumer demand.
    - - Tajikistan's industrial sector has been relatively weak, but has gradually added some industrial output to the structure of the economy. This includes metal processing, textiles, food processing, etc. However, the development of the industrial sector has been relatively slow.
    - - The structure of Tajikistan's economy is also influenced by differences between rural and urban areas. Rural areas remain predominantly agricultural, while urban areas are more involved in services and industry.
    - - Tajikistan's economy has always been dominated by the agricultural sector. Agriculture accounts for a significant proportion of gross domestic product (GDP), particularly cotton and rice production. However, the share of agriculture has declined over time.
- - - - Following independence, Kazakhstan moved from a centrally planned to a market-oriented economy, allowing for greater private sector engagement, competition, and economic liberalization.
    - - By adopting advantageous investment regulations, establishing special economic zones, and improving trade links with other countries, the country actively attempted to attract foreign investment and promote international trade.
        
        International Relationships
        
        Kazakhstan has pursued an active and multifaceted foreign policy, with the goal of establishing and strengthening diplomatic, economic, and cultural ties with a variety of countries and international organizations. Following are some significant changes and developments in Kazakhstan's international relationships since independence: Diplomatic Engagement, Regional Cooperation, Economic Partnerships, and Cultural and Educational Exchanges
    - - To promote a stable and sustainable economic environment, Kazakhstan employed macroeconomic stability measures such as conservative fiscal policies, effective monetary management, and inflation control.
  - - - Kazakhstan experienced significant economic growth in the period following its independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. This expansion was mostly fueled by the country's enormous natural resources assets, such as oil, gas, and minerals. Kazakhstan progressively started achieving its economic potential through government efforts such as numerous reforms aimed at attracting international investment, boosting privatization, and growing important sectors of the economy.
        
        The Industry
        
        Kazakhstan's government has actively promoted industrial development and diversification, to decrease the country's reliance on extractive industries and foster a more balanced and sustainable economy. With that, the government underwent a significant development and became the key industry for Kazakhstan. The key industries which are:
        
        Oil and Gas
        
        Mining
        
        Manufacturing
        
        Agriculture
        
        Services
        
        Healthcare
        
        Kazakhstan's healthcare system was largely integrated into the Soviet Union's centralized healthcare structure prior to independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. The healthcare system at the time was characterized by a focus on providing universal access to healthcare services, but it faced challenges such as limited access to advanced medical technologies and resource constraints.
        Kazakhstan has made efforts to reform and modernize its healthcare system since gaining independence. Among the changes and improvements to Kazakhstan's healthcare system since independence are:
        
        Healthcare Infrastructure Development
        
        Healthcare Education and Training
        
        Technological Advancements
    - - Following independence in 1991, a series of economic liberalization and modernization policies were implemented. Privatization, diversification, market-oriented policies, institutional reforms, and infrastructure development were among the measures implemented. Kazakhstan hoped to achieve sustainable economic growth, increased competitiveness, and improved the general level of living for its inhabitants through these measures.