East Asia-structural development（group 5）
South Korea-ZHONG LUJING A184675
CHINA GUANWANTING A184956
Reconstruction and industrialization (1950s-1960s)
Export orientation and heavy industry (1970s - 1980s)
High-tech industries (1990s - 2000s)
Rise of Finance and Services (early 21st century)
Green technology and innovation (recent years)
Mongolia Xu Jiaxi A184874
South Korea began to industrialize during this period, focusing on light industry and the modernization of agriculture.
The South Korean Government has developed plans to focus on the development of heavy industries, including steel, automobiles, ships and heavy manufacturing. These initiatives have led to industrialization and export growth in Korea.
South Korea began to focus on high-tech industries such as semiconductors, electronic equipment and information technology.
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The South Korean Government encourages green technology and sustainable development, including renewable energy and environmental protection.
Seoul became an international financial center, and Korea's financial, service and cultural industries developed rapidly.
A single economic structure
Future Developmental Industries
Taiwan. A184876 Guo Jiayi
Restore and develop Taiwan's economy
Mineral resourses
Japan Japan has undergone significant structural development over the years, contributing to its economic growth and societal progress.
The economic structure of Mongolia mainly relies on mineral resources, especially the export of coal, copper, and gold.
A184994 TANG ZIHAN
Industrialization: Following the Meiji Restoration in the late 19th century, Japan embarked on a path of rapid industrialization. The government implemented policies to promote modern industries, such as textiles, steel, and shipbuilding
Technological Advancements: Japan has been at the forefront of technological advancements. The country has a strong focus on research and development, leading to breakthroughs in various fields. Japanese companies have been pioneers in electronics, automobiles, robotics, telecommunications, and consumer electronics
In the first phase (1978–1984), a distinct feature of changes in the industrial structure was the rapid increase in the proportion of the primary industry in the gross domestic product (GDP).
Infrastructure Development: Japan has invested heavily in infrastructure development. The construction of high-speed rail networks, such as the Shinkansen, has revolutionized transportation within the country.
Education and Human Capital: Japan places a high value on education and has a well-developed education system. The country has a high literacy rate and produces a large number of highly skilled professionals in fields such as science, engineering, and technology.
Tourism
Urbanization: Japan has experienced significant urbanization, with a large portion of the population residing in urban areas. Cities like Tokyo, Osaka, and Nagoya have become major economic hubs, attracting businesses and investment
In the second phase (1985–1992), China's nonagricultural industries developed rapidly. The proportion of the tertiary industry in GDP increased from 28 to 34%, reaching an all-time high.
Animal husbandry
In the third phase (1993–2001), China's economy was dominated by the heavy and chemical industries.
In the fourth phase (the 16th National Congress of the CPC in 2002–present), China's economic growth started to be driven by two “engines,” that is, urbanization and industrialization.
Agriculture
Vigorously develop animal husbandry. Mongolia has a vast area, mainly composed of plateau and mountainous terrain, which is not suitable for the development of planting industry. However, Mongolia has many natural grasslands, which are very suitable for the development of animal husbandry.
The shift from import substitution to export orientation has promoted sustained and rapid economic development.
North Korea A184969 XU XIN YUN
1.Financial Policy
Monetary system reform
2.land reform movement
High interest rate policy
Fiscal austerity policy
In terms of tourism, Mongolia's nomadic economy, traditional culture, and history will form the main characteristics and advantages of its international market competitiveness. To inherit and promote nomadic culture and improve economic benefits. In the future, it is recommended to work closely with the Ministry of Culture to improve the organization and management of these activities and expand their scale
General overview
Mongolia has abundant agricultural resources, mainly growing wheat, potatoes, vegetables, etc. Investors can pay attention to agricultural investment opportunities in Mongolia, such as planting and breeding.
3.import substitution strategy
Analyzing North Korea from Different Angle
Government: North Korea is a single-party state with a highly centralized government. The ruling party is the Workers' Party of Korea, and the country has been under the control of the Kim dynasty since its establishment. As of 2022, Kim Jong-un was the leader of North Korea.
Economy: North Korea's economy is largely state-controlled and characterized by a focus on heavy industry and military production. The country has been under international sanctions for its nuclear weapons program, which has had a significant impact on its economy.
Nuclear Program: North Korea has been a subject of international concern due to its nuclear weapons program. The country has conducted several nuclear tests and has developed ballistic missile capabilities. This has led to tensions and sanctions from the international community.
Human Rights: North Korea has been criticized for its human rights record, with reports of severe political repression, forced labor camps, and lack of basic freedoms for its citizens.
Isolation: North Korea is known for its isolation from the international community. It has limited diplomatic relations and interactions with other countries. The Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) serves as a buffer zone between North Korea and South Korea, and the two countries remain technically at war, as no peace treaty was signed after the Korean War in the 1950s.
Cultural Isolation: The country is known for its strict control over information and media, resulting in limited exposure to the outside world. This has led to a highly controlled and heavily propagandized environment.
Accelerate the development of capitalist economy
National issues
North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the northern half of the Korean Peninsula and borders China and Russia to the north at the Yalu (Amnok) and Tumen rivers, and South Korea to the south at the Korean Demilitarized Zone. North Korea's border with South Korea is a disputed border as both countries claim the entirety of the Korean Peninsula. The country's western border is formed by the Yellow Sea, while its eastern border is defined by the Sea of Japan. North Korea, like its southern counterpart, claims to be the legitimate government of the entire peninsula and adjacent islands. Pyongyang is the capital and largest city.
Mongolia is facing serious unemployment problems and high inflation rates, with an increase in corporate bankruptcies and an increase in unemployment rates. The national fiscal deficit has also continued to rise, and external debt has been accumulating. Mongolia's economy is highly dependent on the assistance of other countries and international organizations, and lacks the ability for independent and sustainable development. In addition, Mongolia's import and export trade is not optimistic, mainly exporting low value-added products while importing high-tech products, resulting in trade imbalance
The level of industrialization is improved.
Taiwan's manufacturing industry has become the fastest growing sector in the national economy.
industrial structure adjustment
In 1984, the primary industry accounted for 32% of GDP, up 4% compared with 28% in 1978.
hese reflect that China's reforms in rural areas and agriculture significantly released productive forces in the agriculture section, boosted the primary industry, and more resources were allocated to the primary industry.
The proportion of the tertiary industry in GDP increased from 28 to 34%, reaching an all-time high.
Massive transfer of labor force to the tertiary industry was the most prominent feature of resource allocation in this period, which promoted the development of the tertiary industry
This period is characterized by the strengthening construction of infrastructure (including energy, transportation and communication facilities), resulting in a rapid increase in the proportion of the secondary industry.
During this period, the situation that the growth of heavy industry had always been lower than that of the light industry since the 1980s was changed, and the economic growth was obviously dominated by heavy and chemical industries.
Achievements in energy, transportation and communication infrastructures stimulated demands for products, such as power, transport vehicles, building materials, steels, nonferrous metals, petrochemicals and mechatronics, as well as demands for the construction industry, which boosted the secondary industry.
The structure of China's economy shifted from a domestic consumption-driven economy to an export-oriented economy.
The urbanization rate has increased rapidly, from 39.09% in 2002 to 57.35% in 2016, and the rate is expected to exceed 60% by 2020, which represents entry into a stage of high-level urbanization.
China experienced a transition from industrialization into urbanization, and its current economic structure transformed from manufacturing-driven to people-oriented.
attract foreign investment
Attracting foreign investment can bring economic development and international influence to Mongolia, solve the problem of unemployment rate and bring about the rise of new industries