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Mechanisms of SARS-CoV‑2 Evolution Revealing Vaccine-Resistant Mutations…
Mechanisms of SARS-CoV‑2 Evolution Revealing Vaccine-Resistant
Mutations in Europe and America
I. Introduction
A. Background on the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2
B. Emergence of authorized vaccines for COVID-19
C. Importance of understanding viral mutations and their impact on vaccines and antibodies
III. The Role of Spike (S) Protein Mutations in SARS-CoV-2 Evolution
A. Significance of mutations in the S protein
B. Receptor-binding domain (RBD) and its role in viral infectivity and antibody binding
C. Identification of vaccine-resistant or antibody-resistant mutations in the S protein
D. Understanding the significance of vaccine-resistant mutations
II. Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 Mutagenesis
A. Categorization of mutagenesis mechanisms
Molecular-scale mechanisms
Organism-scale mechanisms
Population-scale mechanisms
B. Role of molecular-scale mechanisms in generating genetic diversity
C. Organism-scale mechanisms involving host immune responses
D. The impact of natural selection as a population-scale mechanism
IV. Evolution of Vaccine-Resistant Mutations
A. Time evolution of vaccine-resistant mutations and their BFE changes
B. Emergence of vaccine-resistant co-mutations
C. Exploration of the potential for quadruple vaccine-resistant co-mutations
V. Analysis of Vaccine-Resistant Mutation Y449S
A. Distribution of Y449S in 14 countries
B. Relationship between Y449S frequency and vaccination rates in top 12 countries
C. Implications for the future evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and the role of vaccine resistance
VI. Conclusion
A. The interplay between infectivity-based and vaccine-resistant mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 evolution
B. The potential for vaccine-resistant mutations to become a dominant force in viral transmission
C. Relevance for the development of next-generation vaccines and monoclonal antibodies
References
Rui Wang, Jiahui Chen, and Guo-Wei Wei
The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 2021 12 (49), 11850-11857
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03380