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mutations - Coggle Diagram
mutations
affecting the structure of the chromosomes
chromosome mutations
duplication
extra copies of a gene are created
deletion
genetic material breaks of or is deleted
inversion
a gene in a chromosome is reversed, flipped over
translocation
a fragment from a chromosome breaks of and attaches to another one
mutations that change the DNA sequence
DNA mutations
point mutations
One of the DNA bases is replaced with another
change in one RNA nucleotide
Change in one amino acid in the protein chain
frame shit mutation
Addition of one DNA base
results in an additional nucleotide in the RNA sequence
the reading frame of the RNA is changed
Changing in two of the final amino acids in the protein chain
non-sense mutations
a DNA sequence mutation which leads to the formation of a stop codon
Missesnse mutations
a DNA change that results in different amino acids being formed
Silent mutations
a mutation that may not affect the protein at all
Conservative mutations
The new amino acid is the same as the original
Non-conservative mutation
The new amino acid is a different type than the first one
Chromosomal mutations happen in more "vulnarable times" such as meiosis
common mutations during meiosis
affecting the number of chromosomes
non-disjunction
chromosomes don't get properly pulled apart and then the products (gametes) have one more or one too little chrmosome
fertilization of such a gamete would result in
aneuploidy
aneuploidy: abnormal number of a particular chromosome
monosomy
one version of a chromosome
trisomy
three versions of a chromosome
such gametes can also result in
polyploidy
polyploidy: more than two complete sets of chromoses
having triploid (three sets of chromosome) or tetraploid (four sets of chromosomes) cells