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Isaac Medina Per. 2 Muscular System - Coggle Diagram
Isaac Medina Per. 2 Muscular System
Major functions of the muscular system
Mobility, Stability, Posture, and Circulation
3 types of muscles & their functions
Skeletal
The skeletal muscles protect the internal organs and tissues from any injury and also provide support to these delicate organs and tissues.
Smooth
Smooth muscles are capable of slow rhythmic involuntary contractions, and a great part of internal organs and the majority of the area of the digestive tract is lined with smooth muscles.
Cardiac
Cardiac muscle is responsible for the contractility of the heart, and therefore the pumping action of the heart.
Sarcomere
A molecular structure found in skeletal and cardiac muscles that allows cardiac myocytes to contract and generate force. It's responsible for the voluntary movements of bones.
Names of all the skeletal muscles
Head
Posterior
Occipitalis, and Sternocleidomastoid
Anterior
Frontalis,Temporalis, Masseter, Orbicularis oculi, Zygomaticus, Orbicularis oris, Trapezius, and Sternocleidomastoid
Body
Anterior
Deltoid, Serratus, Subscapularis, Biceps Brachii,Brachioradialis, Prontor teres, Brachioradialis, Flexor Carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris, Rectus abdominis, External oblique, Iliopsoas,tensor fascia lata, and pectineus
Posterior
Trapezius, Infraspinatus, Teres minor/major, rhomboid, deltoid, latissimus dorsi, gluteus medius, gluteus maximus, triceps brachii, brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor digitorum, extensor carpi ulnaris, and flexor carpi ulnaris.
Legs
Anterior
Adductor magnus, Sartorius, Gracilis, Vastus lateralis, Rectus Femoris, Iliotibial Band, Fibularis Longus, Fibularis Brevis, Soleus, Extensor digitorum longus, Tibialis Anterior, Vactus medialis
Posterior
Semitendinosus, Adductor magnus, Gracilis, Biceps femoris, Semimembranosus, Gastrocnemius, Fibularis longus, Soleus, Calcaneal tendon
Neuromuscular Junction
Is where nerves and muscle fibers meet- an essential synapse for muscle contraction and movement. Improper function of these junctions can lead to the development of progressive neuromuscular diseases, some of which have no effective treatment like Lou Gehrig's disease for example.
Sliding filament theory of muscle contraction
A muscle fiber contracts when myosin filaments pull actin filaments closer together and thus shorten sarcomeres within a fiber.
Stages of the sliding filament theory consist of resting, excitement-contraction, contraction, recharge, and relaxation.
Action Potential in a Muscle Fiber
The action potential is generated by depolarizing the endplate membrane of muscle cells, increases the calcium ion concentration in muscle plasma. Troponin binds a sufficient number of calcium ions to cause a conformational change in the troponin molecule, which is then transmitted to myosin.
Occurs along the sarcolemma and down the T tubules and is conducted from a motor neuron at the neuromuscular junction.
Muscle Coverings
The outermost connective tissue sheath surrounding the entire muscle is known as epimysium.
The connective tissue sheath covering each fasciculus is known as perimysium.
The innermost sheath surrounding individual muscle fiber is known as endomysium.
Disorders associated with the Muscular System
Muscular Dystrophy
Muscle weakness and atrophy caused by genetic, duchenne, or becker. Symptoms are mental retardation, muscle weakness, or loss of strength and had no known cure and can only by treated by physical therapy or medication.
Fibromyalgia
Muscle pain caused by physical trauma, infection, or sleep disturbances. Symptoms are muscle pain, tender point, or joint pain and is treated by physical therapy, massage, or medication.
Myasthenia Gravis
Neuromuscular disorder that blocks neurotransmitter and is caused by age, autoimmune, or is more common in women. Symptoms are muscle weakness, double vision, or drooping eyelids, and has an unknown cure but can be treated by medication or thymectomy.
Cerebral Palsy
Spastic paralysis causing muscle weakness and is caused by hypoxia during, head injury, or autoimmune. Symptoms are mild to severe, delayed development, muscle tightness, and there is no cure and can be treated by physical therapy or surgical intervention
Myositis
Inflammation on the muscle which is caused by infection or autoimmune. Symptoms are having a rash or tenderness and treatment options are medication or antibiotics.