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Muscular system-Ovie fieboh period 2 - Coggle Diagram
Muscular system-Ovie fieboh period 2
3 types of muscles & their functions
Cardiac muscle
-Cardiac muscle is found only in the heart and its job is to help with contractility and pumping motion provided
Skeletal muscle
- skeletal muscle allows the body to move. located below the surface of the skin it also contours our physique
list of skeletal msucle
Smooth muscle
-Involuntary muscle found in the skin, blood vessels, and the reproductive and digestive systems.Its job is to help with digestion and nutrient collection.
A major function of the muscular system
control your heartbeat and breathing, which helps digestion and allows movement. It is controlled by the autonomic nervous system
Disorders associated with the Muscular system
Fibromyalgia
a chronic (long-lasting) disorder that causes pain and tenderness throughout the body, as well as fatigue and trouble sleeping.
Cerebral Palsy
Spastic paralyis causing muscle weakness;casued by brain injury could lead to death or seizures
Myasthenia Gravis
a chronic autoimmune disorder in which antibodies destroy the communication between nerves and muscle, resulting in weakness of the skeletal muscles.
Muscular Dystrophhy
Muscle weaknes caused by genetic or myotonic factors;symptoms mental retardation muscle weakness eyelids drooping
Myositis
a rare group of diseases characterized by inflamed muscles, which can cause prolonged muscle fatigue and weakness.
list of skeletal msucle
Muscles of Head
Zygomasticus
Masseter
Frontalis
platysma
Temporalis
buccinator
Sternocleidomastioid
Orbicularis oris
Orbicularis oculi
Muscles of trunk
Erector spinae
Pectoralis maor
trapezius
latissimus dorsi
Rectus abdominis
External obliques
Muscles of arm
Flexor carpi radialis
tricep brachii
flexor carpi ulnaris
bicep brachi
deltoid
flexor digitorium superficiali
extensor digitorium
Muscle of and leg
adducotr muscles
adduction of thigh at the hip joint
hamstring
tibialis anterior
Prime mover of dorsiflexsion inverts foot
gluteus maximus
iliopsoas
Flexing of thigh and foward tilting of the pelvis
qaudracep group
soleus
plantar flexes foot
satorius
gastornemius
extensor digitorium longus
prime mover of toe extension
Sarcomere
A sarcomere is composed of two main protein filaments (thin actin and thick myosin filaments) which are the active structures responsible for muscular contraction.
Sliding filament theory of muscle contraction
Myosin attaches to actin forming actin crossbridges to mysosij
myosin goes toward M line of sarcomere pulling acting filaments past myosin
calcium bins to actin myofilament exposing the myosin binding site
this action is done multiple times by ATP
nerve impulse or acction potential travels down sarcolemma and into T-tubules causing sarcoplasmic recticulum to realese calcium into sarcoplasm
Z lines get closer together as actin and myosin filaments slide past each other and sarcomeres shorten(H zone disappears) shortening the entrie myofibril
Muscle Covering (connectice tissue coverings)
Each muscle is surrounded by a connective tissue wrap called the epimysium. Fascia connective tissue outside the epmiysium surrounds and separates the muscle
Neuromuscular junction
synaptic cleft gap between neuron and sarcolemma
neurotransmitter=chemical messenger stored and released by synaptic vesicles into synapti cleft
acetcholine neurotransmitter for skeletal muslce
axonal terminals ends of axons many branches
connection of nerves and skeletal muslce
synaptic end bulb found in axonal terminal
synapse=cnnection between nerve with muscle and other organs
motor endplate region synaptic cleft frm synaptic end
Action potentional in a muscle fiber
The action potential generated by depolarizing the endplate membrane of muscle cells increases the calcium ion concentration in muscle plasma. Troponin binds a sufficient number of calcium ions to cause a conformational change in the troponin molecule, which is then transmitted to myosin.