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Damani Polk Period 2 Anatomy 0.5 Muscular System - Coggle Diagram
Damani Polk Period 2 Anatomy 0.5 Muscular System
Major Functions
Posture - The position of the body in space
Circulation - The movement of fluid through the body in a regular or circuitous course
Stability - The ability to restrict movement
Mobility - The ability of a patient to change and control their body position
3 Types of muscles and their function
Skeletal Muscle - Skeletal muscle, attached to bones, is responsible for skeletal movements
Smooth muscle - found in the walls of the hollow internal organs such as blood vessels, the gastrointestinal tract, bladder, and uterus, is under control of the autonomic nervous system
Cardiac muscle – the muscle specific to the heart.
Skeletal muscles
Hamstring Muscle
-The hamstrings are muscles which extend the hip and flex the knee
Abdominal Muscle
-The abdominal muscles support the trunk, allow movement and hold organs in place by regulating internal abdominal pressure
Shoulder Muscle
-The shoulder muscles have a wide range of functions, including abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, internal and external rotation.
Sarcomere
The sarcomere is the main contractile unit of muscle fiber in the skeletal muscle. Each sarcomere is composed of protein filaments (myofilaments) that include mainly the thick filaments called myosin, and thin filaments called actin
Neuromuscular junction
a synaptic connection between the terminal end of a motor nerve and a muscle (skeletal/ smooth/ cardiac).
Sliding filament theory of muscle contraction
Sliding Filament Theory
-a muscle fiber contracts when myosin filaments pull actin filaments closer together and thus shorten sarcomeres within a fiber.
Muscle Contraction
-Triggered When an Action Potential Travels Along the Nerves to the Muscles
Action potential in a muscle fiber
action potential always precedes the increase in intracellular Ca2+, which always precedes muscle contraction. One single action potential leading to an increased intracellular Ca2+
Muscle Coverings
Perimysium
: The middle layer surrounding bundles of muscle fibers.
Endomysium
: The innermost layer surrounding individual muscle fibers.
Epimysium
: The outermost layer of tissue surrounding the entire muscle.
Disorders associated with the Muscular system
Tendinopathy - is a type of tendon disorder that results in pain, swelling, and impaired function. The pain is typically worse with movement
Carpal tunnel syndrome - The collection of symptoms and signs associated with median neuropathy at the carpal tunnel
Muscular dystrophy-A genetic disorder caused by defective proteins in muscle cells
Myasthenia gravis is a long-term neuromuscular junction disease that leads to varying degrees of skeletal muscle weakness.