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Muscular System Elizabeth Martinez P:2 - Coggle Diagram
Muscular System Elizabeth Martinez P:2
Major Functions of the Muscular Syst.:
Control Heartbeat/breathing, Helps in digestion, and allow movement.
Sarcomere:
H Zone
Z Line
I Band
Myosin
A Band
Actin
Thick Filaments
Thin Filaments
Sliding filament theory of muscle contraction:
Step 2: Impulse travels through the sarcolemma, down T tubules, causes the sarcoplasmic reticulum surrounding T tubule to release calcium ions (Ca>2) into the sarcoplasm,. Eventually reaching the sarcomere.
Step 3: Ca>2+ binds to the troponin located on actin filament causing tropomyosin to move, exposing binding sites for myosin.
Step 1: Brain/spinal cord sends an impulse to the muscle. The impulse travels sown to motor neuron and reaches a neuromuscular junction where it reaches acetylcholine it then triggers the impulse in the muscle.
Step 4: A power stroke movement happens when ADP and P are released from myosin causing the myosin to move.
Step 5: The myosin head binds to the actin and form a crossbridge.
Step 6: ATP binds to the myosin making it release the actin making ATP into ADP and P. Myosin now ready to form another crossbrifge the contraction cycle will continue until the impulse stops.
Step 7: When the impulse stops Ca>2+ is released from troponin causing tropomyosin to cover the binding sites preventing contraction. Ca>2+ returns to SR waiting for another impulse this is relaxation.
Muscle coverings (connective tissue coverings):
Perimysium: The middle layer surrounding bundles of muscle fibers.
Endomysium: The innermost layer surrounding individual muscle fibers.
Epimysium: The outermost layer of tissue surrounding the entire muscle.
Names of all the skeletal muscles:
Anterior View:
Facial:
Orbicularis Oculi
Zygomaticus
Frontalis
Orbicularis Oris
Head:
Massetar
Temporalis
Neck:
Sternocleidomastoid
Trapezius
Shoulder:
Deltoid
Trapezius
Thorax:
Pectoralis (Pectoral)
Serratus Anterior
Abdomen:
External Oblique
Rectus Abdominis
Arm:
Brachialis
Tricep Brachi
Biceps Brachi
Forearm:
Wrist Flexor
Brachioradalis
Wrist extensor
Pelvis/Thigh:
Tensor Fascia lata
Sartorius
Lliopsoas
Vastus Lateralis
Rectus Femoris
Adductor Longus
Leg:
Tibiallis Anterior
Gastrocnemius
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Soleus
Fibularis Longus
Posterior View:
Neck:
Trapezius
Sternocleidomastoid
Shoulder:
Deltoid
Infranspinatus
Teres Major
Rhomboid Major
Arm:
Triceps Brachi
Brachialis
Abdomen:
Latissimus Dorsi
Forearm:
Extensor carpi
Flexor/extensor carpi (wrist)
Brachioradialis
Hip/Thigh:
Gluteus Maximus
Gluteus Medius
Adductor Magnus
Gracilis
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Biceps Femoris
Legs:
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Fibularis Longus
Calcaneal Tendon
Action potential in a muscle fiber:
Triggering contraction and relaxation of the muscle fiber.
Neuromuscular junction:
Step 4: The synaptic cleft diffuses the acetylcholine then attaches to the acetylcholine receptors.
Step 5: Channels open.
Step 3: The calcium causes the vesicles to burst causing the acetylcholine is relased. The go to the synaptic cleft.
Step 6: Sodium rushes in from the top and go through the channels. Potassium also rushes in from the bottom and go through the channels.
Step 7: Action potential goes along the sarcolemma. Acetylcholine can be diffuesed on it's own or acetylcholinesterase can also diffuse the acetylcholine.
Step 2: Channels open and calcium enters. To diffuse the
Step 1: The action potential travels down the axon. to the axon terminal.
Disorders associated with the Muscular system:
Fibromyalgia: Muscle pain
Symptoms: Muscle pain, Tender joints, Fatigue
Causes and Risks: Physical trauma, infection, more common in women
Treatments: Physical therapy, Massage, Medication
Muscular Dystrophy: Muscle weakness & Atrophy
Symptoms Mental retardation, Muscle weakness, Eyelid drooping oms:
Treatments: No known cure, Physical therapy, Medication
Causes and Risks: Genetic, Duchenne, Myotonic
Cerebral Palsy: Spastic paralysis causing muscle weakness.
Symptoms: Mild to severe, Delayed development, Seizures
Treatments: No cure, Medications for symptoms, Physical therapy
Causes and Risks: Brain injury, Head injury, Bleeding in the brain
Myasthenia Gravis: Neuromuscular disorders that blocks neurotransmitters
Symptoms: Muscle weakness, shortness of breath, Facial paralysis
Treatments: No known cure, Medications, Thymectomy
Causes and Risks: Autoimmune, Possible tumor of thymus, Age
Myositis: Inflammation of muscles.
Symptoms: Muscle weakness, Swelling, Tenderness
Treatments: Medication, Antibiotics, Reduce inflammation
Causes and Risks: Autoimmune, Infection, Muscle trauma
3 Types of Muscles and their Functions:
Smooth: located in various internal structures including the digestive tract, uterus and blood vessels such as arteries. Arranged in layered sheets that contract in waves along the length of the structure.
Cardiac: Has the heart contract and making our muscles relax.
Skeletal: Attatched to bones and allows movement.
