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Marisa Alberto Period:3 Muscular System - Coggle Diagram
Marisa Alberto Period:3 Muscular System
major functions
movement
extension: decrease in the angle between bones at a joint
flexion: increase in the angle between bones at a joint
heat
heat: half of energy released in reactions of cellular respiration is used to form ATP
body temperature: heat is carried by the blood to other tissues
support
antagonists: oppose an action
synergists: assist the prime mover
agonist: causes an action
action potential in a muscle fiber
sarcoplasm: cytoplasm of a muscle cell (contains many
mitochondria and nuclei)
myofibrils:active in muscle contraction
sarcolemma: cell membrane of a muscle fiber
sarcoplasmic reticulum: network of membranous channels (endoplasmic reticulum of a muscle cell)
transverse tubules: invaginations of the sarcolemma
cisternae: between of sarcoplasmic reticulum
neuromuscular junction
synaptic vesicles: storing neurotransmitters
mitchondria: cytoplasm of the distal end of the motor neuron
motor endplate: specialized region where is tightly folded
synaptic cleft: gap between membranes of the neruon fiber
motor neuron: skeletal muscle fibers when simulated
neurotransmitters: neuron communicates with the muscle fiber by way of chemicals
synapse: skeletal muscle fiber functionally connected to the axon of a motor neroun
sliding filament
actin: globular protein arranged in twisted filaments
ATPase: energy from the conversion of ATP to ADP is provided to the cross-bridges
thick filament: group of myosin molecules
troponin & tropomyosin: proteins associated with the
surface of the actin molecules
myosin: two twisted strands
thin filaments: 3 proteins form the thin filament
cross-bridge: a myosin head attaches to a binding site on the actin filament
muscle coverings
tendons: fused to the periosteum of bones
aponeuroses:broad sheets of connective tissue
fascia: layers of dense connective tissue
fascicles:surrounds bundles of skeletal muscle fibers
perimysium: extends inward from the epimysium
endomysium: each muscle celll is covered
epimysium: layer of connective tissue
around each skeletal muscle
3 types of muscles & their functions
skeletal: movement of bones at joints (skeletal muscles)
smooth:, movement of viscera,peristalsis,and vasoconstriction (walls of hollow viscera, blood vessels)
cardiac: pumping action of the heart (walls of the heart)
sarcomere: joined end-to-
end
I bands: made up of actin filaments (anchored
to the Z lines)
A bands: overlapping thick and thin
filaments
Z line: sarcomere extends from one line to next
M line:center of the H zone (proteins that hold the
myosin filaments in place)
H zone: center of the A band (consists of myosin
filaments only)
disorders associated with muscular contraction
Muscular dystrophy: muscle weakness and atrophy (symptoms: loss of strength, muscle atrophy, and mental retardation)
Myositis: inflammation of the muscle (risk factors: autoimmune, infection, and muscle trauma)
Myasthenia gravis: neuromuscular disorder that blocks neurotransmitters ( causes of risks physical trauma, infection, and more common in women)
disorders associated with the muscular system
fibromyalgia: muscle pain (symptoms: muscle pain, fatigue, and insomnia)
cerebral palsy: spastic paralysis causing muscle weaknesss (risk factors: premature birth, head injury, and bleeding in the brain)