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Church History 12th-13th century by Osée KAMGANG - Coggle Diagram
Church History
12th-13th century by
Osée KAMGANG
Key events
Crusades:
The Fourth Crusade (1202-1204), Albigensian Crusade (1209-1229)
Inquisition:
The Papal Inquisition (c. 1231) Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa (1212), al-Kamil's Surrender of Jerusalem (1229)
Councils:
Fourth Lateran Council (1215), Third Lateran Council (1179), Second Lateran Council (1139), Second Council of Lyon 1274
Religious Movements and Orders:
Establishment of the Franciscan Order (c. 1209), Establishment of the Dominican Order (c. 1216), Seventh Crusade led by Louis IX of France 1248-1254:
Key relations
interactions with the Islamic world, interactions with heretical movements, relations with monastic and mendicant orders,
Relations with the Byzantine Empire, relations with the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Byzantine Empire,
Relations between the pope and European monarchies Relations between different religious orders
intellectual and scholarly exchanges, interactions with local churches and dioceses
Key processes
development of theological thought, evolution of spirituality, The Investiture Controversy
1075-1122
,
The Crusades
1096-1291
, The Albigensian Crusade
1209-1229
The Rise of Scholasticism
12th
and
13th
sc The Papal Inquisition
13th
sc,
Theological and Philosophical Synthesis
12th
sc
Key persons
Popes and Church Leaders:
Pope Innocent III 1160-1216, Pope Gregory VII 1015-1085, Saint Bernard of Clairvaux 1090-1153
Religious Orders and Movements:
Saint Francis of Assisi (1181-1226), Saint Dominic (c. 1170-1221), Hildegard of Bingen (1098-1179)
Mystics:
Mechthild of Magdeburg 1210-1282, Joachim of Fiore 1135-1202
Theologians and Scholars:
Saint Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274), Peter Abelard (1079-1142), Maimonides (1138-1204) Alexander of Hales (1185-1245), Bonaventure (1221-1274)
Key writings
Bonaventure's "The Mind's Road to God" (1259),
Peter Abelard's "Sic et Non" (1122), Peter Lombard's "Sentences" (1150),
Aelred of Rievaulx's "Spiritual Friendship" (1160))
Thomas Aquinas's "Summa Theologica" (1265-1274),
Key implications
Cultural Revival and Reformation,
Doctrinal and Theological Development,
Mendicant Orders, Scholasticism, Cistercians and Monasticism,
Architectural Advancements, Political Influence
Key Theological concepts
Sacramental Theology, Grace and Predestination, The theory of double truth
Mariology, Papal Supremacy. Original Sin and Atonement, The notion of original sin,
Anselm's Ontological Argument, Duns Scotus' Doctrine of Univocity, Peter Lombard's Sentences,
Marian Devotion, Integration of Aristotelian Philosophy, Transubstantiation, Faith and Reason
Key legacy
The lasting influence of the Church on culture and art, the development of ecclesiastical institutions,
the Papacy as a spiritual and political authority, the rise of Cistercian and Franciscan monasticism,
high scholasticism and its contemporaries, Western religious orders,
the improvement of the thinking of 13th-century theologians for future generations,
Gothic architecture, advances in science and education
Key challenges
conflicts between the papacy and the emperors heretical movements (Cathars, Waldensians)
the challenges of spreading the faith in the face of other religions, conflicts between the Avignon Papacy and Rome (1309-1376),
political crises (Hundred Years' War) power struggles within the Church, conflicts between religious orders,
Theological Disputes, Intellectual and Philosophical Movements