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B7 Spread of Disease - Coggle Diagram

- - - - airborne
      - breathing in droplets from coughs and sneezes from infected people
    - - fever
      - red skin rash
      - complications can be fatal
    - - painkiller to treat the symptoms
      - kids are vaccinated against it
  - - - flu-like to start with
        
        fever
        
        cough
        
        tiredness
      - the virus attacks the body's immune cells which can lead to AIDS
    - - wear protection while having sex
      - clean needles
      - antiretroviral drugs
        
        very damaging to body but it works
    - - direct contact
      - exchange of bodily fluids eg. sexual contact, blood when drug users share needles
  - - - direct contact
        
        animal and plants can spread this
        
        can remain in soil for decades
    - - remove infected plants
    - - mosaic pattern of discolouration on leaves where the chlorophyll (found in chloroplasts) has been destroyed
      - this reduces plants ability to photosynthesize, effectively taking away its food sources.
- - - - Direct sexual contact - it is a SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE! (STD), we refer to them as sexually transmitted infections (STI)
    - - Thick yellow or green discharge from the vagina or the penis.
      - Pain when taking a piss.
    - - Treat with antibiotics, but multiple strains of the bacteria exist that are resistant to antibiotics.
      - Barrier method of contraception e.g. condoms
  - - - The bacteria (and toxins they produce) cause:
        
        fever
        
        abdominal cramps
        
        vomiting
        
        diarrhoea
    - - Poultry are vaccinated against the bacteria to control spread.
    - - Bacteria in or on food being eaten (ingested).
- - - - direct contact
      - airborne
      - waterborne
  - - - protect large numbers of individuals against diseases
      - inject small quantities of dead or inactive forms of a pathogen into the body
        
        lymphocytes create antibodies for that pathogen
        
        if the same pathogen enters the body the same antibodies can be produced quickly as it remembers
      - herd immunity
        
        a large proportion of the population is vaccinated against a particular disease. the disease is less likely to spread, even if there are some unvaccinated individuals
    - - handwashing
      - disinfecting surfaces and machinery
      - keeping raw meat separate
      - covering mouth when coughing/ sneezing
    - - if a vector spreads a disease eg. a chicken with avian flu, killing it can reduce the spread of disease.
- - - - Airborne and waterborne
    - - Purple or black spots on leaves, the leaves turn yellow and drop early.
      - Reduces the plant's ability to photosynthesize and therefore affects growth.
    - - Fungicides (pesticides for fungi)
      - Affected leaves removed and BURNED.
- - - - Recurrent (lots of) fever, it can be fatal.
    - - Mosquito nets to prevent bites.
      - Prevent vectors (the mosquitos) from breeding.
      - Anti-malarial medicine.
      - Scientists are using the genetically modified malaria parasites and have developed a vaccine against malaria.
    - - Mosquitos feed on the blood of infected people. Mosquitos carry the protist pathogen and infect other people. The mosquito (carrying the pathogen) is the VECTOR.