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Mitosis, Meiosis & Chromosome Abnormalities - Coggle Diagram

- - - - staining generates series of reproducible bands
        
        used to investigate potential ABNORMALITIES
      - G-banding
        (Geisma staining)
      - LIGHT BANDS = GC-rich
        
        DARK BANDS = AT-rich
    - - exact centre
- - - - G1 = cell increasing in mass
        preparing for S
      - S = DNA is synthesised
      - G2 = cell continues to grow
  - - - males
        
        takes 60 days
        
        starts in puberty
        
        continues through life
      - females
        
        takes up to 50 yrs
        
        begins 12 weeks after conception
        
        pauses
        
        continues at puberty (each month w ovulation)
        
        finishes with menopause
    - - crossing over = recombination
        
        swapping of genetic material
      - crossing over more likely between spaced genes - @ TOP & BOTTOM
        
        more space for exchange to occur
- - - - MOSAIC SOMATIC loss of Chr Y
        
        increases cancer mortality
        
        & Alzheimer's disease
  - - - 37 genes
        
        16,000 bases
      - inherited from MOTHER
      - both strands mtDNA transcribed as primary transcripts...
        then processed into separate genes
      - mutations
        
        deletions/duplications/insertions
        
        content/amount
        
        SNPs
      - HETEROPLASMY
        
        when 2 or more mtDNA variants exist within same cell