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Muscular - Dayanara Torres - Coggle Diagram
Muscular - Dayanara Torres
Neuromuscular Junction
The neuron communicates with the muscle fiber by way of chemicals called neurotransmitters that are released at synapse
Action Potential in a Muscle Fiber
Orgin
The less movable end of a skeletal muscle
Insertion
The more movable end of a skeletal muscle
Sarcomere
Myofibrils are made up of this & it joins end to end. Extends to 1 Z-Line to the next. Striations have an alternating pattern of light & dark bands, I Bands (light) are made up of actin filaments that're connected to Z-Lines. A Bands (dark bands) are made up of overlapping thick & thin filaments. Center of the A-band is the H-zone that has myosin filaments only. The M-line is the center of the H-zone, has proteins that hold the myosin filaments in place.
Disorders Associated with the Muscular System
Muscular dystrophy
Dermatomyositis
Cardiomyopathy
Myasthenia gravis
Rhabdomyolysis
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Polymyositis
Sliding Filament Theory of Muscle Contraction
During muscle contraction a myosin head attaches to a binding site on the acting filament forming a cross bridge,while it occurs again & again the filament increases their overlap & the sarcomere shortens from both ends. Energy from the conversion of ATP to ADP's provided to the cross bridge's position, ready to bind to another acting binding site.
3 Types of Muscles and Their Functions
Smooth
Has reactions between actin & myosin, stimulated by membrane impulses, require an increase in calcium ions in cells & uses ATP energy
Skeletal
The body has over 600 skeletal muscles, & the connective coverings over them are layers of dense connective tissue called fascia that surrounds & separates each muscle
Cardiac
Only in the heart, has branching, striated cells that interconnect in 3-dimensional networks, is involuntary, has complex membrane called intercalated discs, join cells & transmit the force of contraction from 1 cell to the next
Muscle Coverings
Endomysium
Covers each muscle cell (fiber)
Epimysium
Connective tissue around each skeletal muscle
Fascicles
Surronds bundles of skeletal fibers
Major Functions of the Muscular System
Circulation
Stability
Posture
Pumping blood through heart & blood vessels
Mobility
All the Skeletal Muscles
Extensor Digitorum
Named for action
Biceps Brachii
Named for number of attachments & location
Deltoid
Named for shape
Sternocleidomastoid
Named for attatchments
Pectoralis Major
Named for size & location
External Oblique
Named for location & direction of fibers