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Chemistry - 1. Principles of Chemistry (a) STATES OF MATTER - Coggle…
Chemistry - 1. Principles of Chemistry (a) STATES OF MATTER
1.1 Three States of Matter
Solids
Particles
don't move
from their positions
Fixed positions to form a very regular
lattice arrangement
Strong forces
of attractions between particles
Particles vibrate about their positions - the hotter they become the
more
they vibrate
Liquids
Weak forces
of attraction between particles
Have a definite volume but
don't keep a definite shape
Particles
constantly moving
with random motion
Gases
Very weak
forces of attraction
Don't keep a definite shap
e or volume and will always fill any container
Particles
constantly moving
with random motion
1.2 Substances can change from one state to another
Liquid to Gas - Evaporating
Gas to Liquid - Condensing
Solid to Gas - Subliming
Solid to Liquid - Melting
Liquid to Solid - Freezing
1.3 Movement of Particles
Diffusion is
the movement of particles
through a
liquid or gas
Postassium Maganate (VII) and Water
Fill a beaker of water and place some potassium magante at the bottom
The purple colour slowly spreads out to fill the beaker - this is called
diffusion
Ammonia and Hydrogen Chloride
Aqueous ammonia gives off ammonia gas. Hydrochloric gives off hydrogen chloride gas
If you set up a tube with cotton wool on each side soaked with aqueous ammonia and hydrochloric acid, you'll get
a white ring
of
ammonium chloride
form in the tube
Bromine Gas and Air
Fill a gas jar full of brown
bromine gas
and the other half full of air and
seperate the gases
with a glass plate
When you
remove the plate
you'll see the brown bromine gas
slowly diffusing
through the air
Solutions
Solution - is a mixture of a solute and a solvent that does not seperate
Solute - is the substance being dissolved
Solvent - is the liquid it's disolving into
Saturated solution - a solution where the maximum amount of solute has been disolved