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muscular system elizabeth gomez-barajas p2 - Coggle Diagram
muscular system elizabeth gomez-barajas p2
neuromuscular junction
motor neuron
cells in brain and spinal cord that allow us the move, speak, and swallow
synapse
a small gap at the end of a neuron that allows signals to pass
neuromuscular junction
a synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber that it regulates
synaptic vesicles
storing neurotransmitters
motor end plate
a specialized region
synaptic cleft
the gap between the membranes of the neuron and muscle fiber
disorders associated with the muscular system
cerebral palsy
spastic paralysis causing muscle weakness
brain injury or abnormality, premature birth, bleeding in the brain
fibromyalgia
muscle pain
sleep disturbances, more common in women, abnormal pain response
muscular dystrophy
muscle weakness and atrophy
genetic, myotonia cogenital, emery-dreifuss
myasthenia gravis
neuromuscular disorder that blocks neurotransmitters
autoimmune, age, more common in women
myositis
inflammation of the muscle
autoimmune, medication induced, muscle trauma
3 types of muscles and their functions
skeletal muscle
produce movement, sustain body posture and position, maintain body temperature, store nutrients, stabilize joints
smooth muscle
helps with digestion and nutrient collection
cardiac muscle
responsible for the contractility of the heart and the pumping action
major functions of the muscular system
control heartbeat/breathing, helps in digestion, and allow movement
action potential in a muscle fiber
muscle cell
single, long, cylindrical
sarcolemma
cell membrane of a muscle fiber
sarcoplasm
contains many mitochondria and nuclei
myofibrils
are active in the muscle contraction
thin filaments
mainly composed of the protein actin, also contain troponin and tropomyosin
thick filaments
consist of the protein myosin
striations
bands produced by filaments
name of all skeletal muscles
anterior
head
frontalis
temporalis
orbicularis oculi
zygomaticus
masseter
orbicularis oculi
neck
scalenes
sternocleidomastoid
trapezius
upper torso
deltoid
pectoralis major
serratus anterior
external oblique
rectus abdominis
arms
biceps brachii
brachialis
pronator teres
brachioradialis
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
flexor carp ulnaris
legs
lliopsoas
tensor fascia lata
pectineus
adductor longus
sartorius
gracilis
vastus lateralis
rectus femoris
vastus medialis
tensor fascio lata
tibialis anterior
fibularis longus
fibularis brevis
extensor digitorum logus
gastrocnemius
posterior
head and neck
head - occipitalis
neck - sternocleidomastoid
upper torso
trapezius
deltoid
infraspinatus
teres major
rhomboid
lastissimus dorsi
arms
triceps brachii
brachioradialis
extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor digitorum
extensor carpi ulnaris
flexor carpi ulnaris
legs
gluteus medius
gluteus maximus
adductor magnius
semitendinosus
biceps femoris
gracilis
gastrocnemius
coleus
fibularis longus
calcaneal (achilles) tendon
sarcomere
sarcomeres
joined end-to-end
z line
dark thin bands across a striated muscle that mark unction of actin
i bands (light bands)
made up of actin filaments
a bands (dark bands)
made up of overlapping thick and thin filaments
h zone
consists of myosin filaments only
m line
the center of the h zone
sarcoplasmic reticulum (sr)
the endoplasmic reticulum of a muscle cell
transverse (t) tubules
invaginations of the sarcolemma
cisternae
flattened membrane vesicle found in the endoplasmic reticulum
muscle covering
connective tissue covering
epimysium
layer of connective tissue around each skeletal muscle
perimysium
extends inward from the epimysium
fascicles
bundles of skeletal muscles fibers
endomysium
a connective tissue layer
fascia
layers of dense connective tissue
tendons
are fused to the periosteum of bones
aponeuroses
broad sheets of connective tissues
sliding filament theory of muscle contraction
atpase - the heads return to a ¨cocked¨ position ready to bind to another actin binding site
filaments increase their overlap
a myosin head attaches binding site on the actin filament forming a cross-bridge