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Kamila Galan Per: 2 Muscular System. - Coggle Diagram
Kamila Galan Per: 2 Muscular System.
Major functions of the muscular system
Allow movement, speaking, chewing
Control heartbeat, breathing, digestion
Temperature regulation and vision rely on muscular system
3 types of muscles & their functions
Smooth
Movement of viscera, peristalsis, vasoconstriction
Cardiac
Pumping action of the heart
Skeletal
Movement of bones at joints, maintenance of posture
Posterior Skeletal Muscles
upper limp
Deltoid, Triceps Brachii, Brachioradialis, Extensor Digitorum, Extensor Carpi Ulnaris, Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Back
Trapezius, Infraspinatus, Teres Major, Rhomboid Major, Latissimus Dorsi
Neck
Sternocleidomastoid and Trapezius
lower limp
Adductor Magnus, Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus, Gracilis, Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Fibularis Longus, Calcaneal (Achilles) Tendon
head
Occipitalis
Butt
Gluteus Medius and Gluteus Maximus
Sarcomere
I Zone- Thin (Actin) Filaments only
H Zone- Thick (Myosin) Filaments only
A Band- Contains both Thick and Thin filaments
Z line- divides Sarcomere
Neuromuscular junction
Motor end plate
Synaptic Cleft
Synaptic Vesicles
Mitocho
Acetylcholine
Sliding filament theory of muscle contraction
myosin filaments use energy from ATP to “walk” along the actin filaments with their cross bridges. This pulls the actin filaments closer together. The movement of the actin filaments also pulls the Z lines closer together, thus shortening the sarcomere.
Action potential in a muscle fiber
The muscle action potential triggers a sequence of actions that ultimately results in the contraction and relaxation of the muscle fiber. This sequence is called the excitation–contraction–relaxation cycle
Muscle coverings (connective tissue coverings)
Epimysium: The outermost layer of tissue surrounding the entire muscle
Endomysium: The innermost layer surrounding individual muscle fibers.
Perimysium: The middle layer surrounding bundles of muscle fibers.
Disorders associated with the Muscular system
Fibromyalgia
Symptoms- Muscle pain, Fatigue, Joint pain
Treatment- Physical therapy, Relaxation techniques, Lifestyle change
Risk Factors- Exact cause unknown, Sleep disturbances, Most common in women
Description- Muscle pain
Muscular Dystrophy
Risk Factors- Genetic, Becker, Myotonic
Symptoms- Mental retardation, Loss of strength, Delayed motor skills
Description- Muscle weakness and atrophy
Treatment- No known cure, Surgery to improve function, Physical therapy
Myositis
Treatment- Medication, Antibiotics, Reduce inflammation
Description- Inflammation of the muscle
Risk Factors- Infection, Muscle trauma, Autoimmune
Symptoms- Fatigue, Rash, Muscle weakness
Myasthenia Gravis
Symptoms- Muscle weakness, Facial paralysis, Double vision
Treatment- No known cure, Medication, Eye patch for double vision
Risk Factors- Autoimmune, Age, Most ommon in women
Description- Neuromuscular disorder that blocks neurotransmitters
Cerebral Palsy
Description- Spastic paralysis causing muscle weakness
Risk Factors- Head injury, Bleeding in the brain, Premature birth
Symptoms- Paralysis, Seizures, Muscle tightness
Treatment- No cure, Physical therapy, Medication for symptoms
Anterior Skeletal muscle
torso
Pectoralis Major, Serratus Anterior, External Oblique, Rectus Abdominis
upper limb
Deltoid, Biceps Brachii, Triceps Brachii, Brachioradialis, Pronator Teres, Flexor Carpi Radialis, Palmaris Longus
neck
Sternocleidomastiod and Trapezius
pelvis
Iliopsoas and Pectineus
Facial
Frontalis, Temporalis, Orbicularis Oculi, Zygomaticus, Masseter, Orbicularis Oris,
lower limb
Adductor Longus, Grailis, Sartorius, Vastus Lateralis, Rectus Femoris, Vastus Medialis, Tensor Fasciae Latae, Tibialis Anterior, Gastrocnemius, Fibularis Longus, Extensor Digitorum Longus, Soleus