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Turkish economy , , , - Coggle Diagram

- - - - The iron and steel sector is the third-largest contributor to the Turkish economy.Steel Production in Turkey increased to 2900 Thousand Tonnes in September from 2800 Thousand Tonnes in August of 2023. Steel Production in Turkey averaged 1625.73 Thousand Tonnes from 1980 until 2023
    - - Turkey is mostly known as a hub for fashion manufacture. The country has 59,000 companies in textile, footwear and apparel manufacturing, which yearly produce over 65 billion dollars per of garments and fashion goods.
    - - Turkey ranking as the 13th largest producer in the world (production peaked at 1,695,731 motor vehicles in 2017). Turkish automotive companies like TEMSA, Otokar and BMC are among the world's largest van, bus and truck manufacturers
  - - - Türkiye's gross domestic expenditure on research and development (GERD) increased to 101.74 billion Turkish liras ($11.3 billion) in 2021, up over 47% compared to 2020.
    - - In 2021, Turkish startups received more than $1 Billion.In 2021, 323 startups received investment in 344 investment rounds!
    - - Revenue in the eCommerce market is projected to reach US$19.23bn in 2023.User penetration will be 57.2% in 2023 and is expected to hit 75.5% by 2027.
        The average revenue per user (ARPU) is expected to amount to US$391.80.
  - - - Turkey Gross Savings Rate was measured at 24.3% in Jun 2023, compared with 24.3% in the previous quarter.
    - - The share of non-financial corporations gross saving was calculated by 16.7%,Non-Financial corporations sector contributed the highest value added to the total economy. 57.9% of the total value added in 2020 was created by non-financial corporations sector
    - - The share of household gross saving value in disposable income was 12.8% in 2019, it was calculated as 10.9% in 2020.
  - - - In the production of the pulses group, an increase occured in chick pea by 22.1% and became 580 thousand tonnes, dry beans decreased by 11.5% and became 270 thousand tonnes, red lentil increased by 75.4% and became 400 thousand tonnes and potatoes, one of tuber crops, increased by 2% and became 5.2 million tonnes.
    - - Cereals production increased in 2022 with a rate of 21.3% when compared with the previous year and approximately became 38.7 million tonnes.Wheat production increased by 11.9% and became 19.8 million tonnes, maize production increased by 25.9% and became 8.5 million tonnes, barley production increased by 47.8% and became 8.5 million tonnes, rye production increased by 36.5% and became 273 thousand tonnes, oats production increased by 32.2% and became 365 thousand tonnes, when compared with the previous year.
    - - Vegetables production decreased with a rate of 0.5% in 2022 when compared with the previous year and became approximately 31.6 million tonnes.
        Fruits, beverage and spices crops production increased with a rate of 7.7% and became 26.8 million tonnes in 2022 when compared with the previous year.
  - - - In 2022, 15.8% of total employment was employed in agriculture, 21.7% was employed in industry, 6.0% was employed in construction and 56.5% was employed in services sector.
    - - labour force participation rate realized as 53.1% with 1.7 percentage point increase in 2022 compared to the previous year. The labour force participation rate was estimated 71.4% for men and 35.1% for women.
    - - Employment Rate in Turkey remained unchanged at 48.40 percent in August. Employment Rate in Turkey averaged 43.83 percent from 2005 until 2023, reaching an all time high of 48.80 percent in January of 2023.
  - - - Services exports were 34.8 billion dollars in 2021
        And imports were 27.9 billion dollars
    - - The top imports of Turkey are Refined Petroleum ($10.8B), Scrap Iron ($10.3B), Cars ($6.98B), Petroleum Gas ($6.82B), and Motor vehicles; parts and accessories (8701 to 8705) ($6.57B)
    - - Energy products and non-monetary gold, were 17 billion 142 million dollars with a 18.5% increase in December 2020. Imports, excluding energy products and non-monetary gold, were 17 billion 523 million dollars with a 18.3% increase in December 2020.
    - - The top exports of Turkey are Cars ($10B), Jewellery ($6.8B), Refined Petroleum ($6.53B), Motor vehicles; parts and accessories (8701 to 8705) ($5.94B), and Delivery Trucks ($5.8B).In 2021, Turkey exported a total of $234B, making it the number
  - - - The rate of those who graduated from primary school and over in the age group of 25 or above was 81.1% in 2008, this rate was calculated as 92.5% in 2022.
    - - The rate of associate degree, bachelor's degree, master's degree and doctorate degree in the total population aged 25 and over was 9.8% in 2008, this increased to 23.9% in 2022.
    - - In 2022, mean years of schooling for women were 8.5 years, while for men it was 10.0 years.
        Gender parity index which represents the ratio of female to male values of mean years of schooling, increased from 0.78 in 2011 to 0.84 in 2022, showing an increase each year.2022, the literacy rate for women increased from 86.9% to 95.9%; and for men, this rate increased from 96.7% to 99.3%.
- - - - Within the framework of the principle of national economy, it was
        envasaged that an interpreunuial class to be supported by the state and
        development would be achieved in this way
      - Establishment of Turkiye is Bankasi
      - Legislative was made to encourage private entipreunership
  - - - Nationalist policies
      - Accelerated process of industrialisation
      - Establishment of Central bank of the Republic of Turkey 1930 for formulation of monetary policies and regulation of money supply.
  - - - Excess Import that caused the devaluation of turkish lira and excess debts
      - Tax Rebates for private enterpenurship
      - Foreign Investment Act 1954.
  - - - Appointment of Turgut Özel reduction in inflation from 140%- 35%.
      - The Liberalisation Program
      - Establishment of free trade Zone.
- - - - Havelsan
      - Türk Telekom
      - Turkcell
      - Logo Software
      - Aselsan
    - - Turkish Airlines
      - Turkish State Highways (KGM)
      - Istanbul Metro and Public Transportation
      - Intercity bus services
      - Turkish state Railway ( TCDD)
    - - MKK ( Central Securities Depository Of Turkey
      - SPK ( Central Market Board of Turkey)
      - Borsa Istanbul
      - Türkiye İş Bankası, Akbank, etc
      - Turkish Treasury and Ministry of Finance
    - - TRT
      - Netflix Turkey
      - Turkish Airlines in flight entertainment
      - Digiturk
      - CNN Turk
    - - Aile Sağlığı Merkezleri
      - Acıbadem Hospitals
      - 112 Emergency Ambulance Services
      - Ministry of Health Hospitals
      - Hacettepe University Hospitals
  - - - Deva Holding
      - Atabay kimya
      - Eczacıbaşı
      - Selçuk Ecza Deposu
      - Abdi ịbrahim
    - - Tat Gıda
      - Pınar
      - Yıldız Holding
      - Eti
      - Ülker Group
    - - Alkim kagit
      - Kipas
      - Marmara kagit
      - Konya kagit
      - Mopak kagit
    - - Oyak-Renault
      - Hyundai Assan
      - Tofaş
      - Toyota Turkey
      - Ford Otosan
    - - Koton
      - SARAR
      - LC Waikiki
      - Kiğılı
      - Mavi Jeans
  - - - Goats
      - Horses
      - Cattle
      - Poultry
      - Sheep
    - - Marmara Bölgesi
      - EGEZOOB
      - Akdeniz Bölgesi
      - Bursa Bölgesi
      - Ege Bölgesi
    - - Mısır (Maize)
      - Pamuk ( cotton)
      - Buğday (wheat)
      - Pirinç ( Rice)
      - Arpa( barley)
    - - Cherries
      - Citrus fruits
      - Cucumber
      - Apples
      - Tomatoes
    - - Ayran
      - Tereyağı (butter)
      - Peynir (cheese)
      - Süt ( Milk)
      - Yoğurt