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Ecology - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Trophic levels are used as classifications to indicate the location of a living being within a food chain or food web in a given ecological environment.
        
        1. Producers: We find the producers, who are autotrophic beings, like plants, with the ability to generate their own food through photosynthesis. These producers capture solar energy and transform it into chemical energy that is stored in organic compounds.
        
        3. Primary consumers: Primary consumers are herbivores that feed on producers, that is, such as plants or other autotrophic organisms. These consumers obtain energy from producers.
        
        2. Secondary consumers: Secondary consumers are carnivores that feed on primary consumers. They obtain energy by consuming herbivores.
        
        4. Tertiary consumers: Tertiary consumers are carnivores that eat other carnivores. They can be considered as the next level in the food chain.
        
        5. Decomposers: Decomposers are organisms such as bacteria and fungi that break down dead organic matter and the remains of organisms to recycle nutrients to the ecosystem.
        
        Herbivore - A plant eater
        Carnivore - An organism that obtains nutrients from the blood or flesh of an animal. Omnivore - An organism which eats both plant and animal matter. Cavenger - An consumer that eats dead animals.
        Detritivore - A consumer that obtains its nutrients from detritus. Decomposer - An organism such as bacteria and fungi that breaks down dead organisms and their wastes
        
        Food Web - A network of interrelated food chains in a given area.
    - - Pests:They are plant or animal organisms that cause harm or damage to crops and gardens. These pests can range from insects, fungi, bacteria and weeds to other living beings that disturb the growth and well-being of plants, generating negative impacts on agricultural production or biological diversity within an ecosystem.
    - - Cycle - A cycle shows the reusing of certain elements and compounds in different forms in ecosystems.
        
        Cycles in Nature
        
        Water Cycle: It is the continuous process of movement and redistribution of water on Earth.
        
        Evaporation: When the sun's heat causes water to evaporate from surfaces such as oceans and rivers.
        Condensation: The resulting water vapor rises into the atmosphere and cools, forming clouds as the vapor condenses into small water droplets or ice crystals.
        Precipitation: When water droplets in clouds clump together and become large enough, they fall to Earth as precipitation, which can be in the form of rain, snow, hail, or drizzle.
        Infiltration and Runoff: Part of the precipitation is absorbed by the soil in a process called infiltration. Water that does not infiltrate flows over the surface as runoff, reaching rivers, streams and bodies of water, and eventually returning to the oceans.
        Storage: A part of the water that reaches the surface is stored in underground aquifers, which are reserves of groundwater in the soil.
        
        Carbon and Oxygen Cycle
        
        Carbon Cycle:It is a natural process that describes how carbon moves through the Earth, the atmosphere, the oceans, and living organisms.
        
        - Carbon Fixation: It begins with the absorption of carbon dioxide by plants during photosynthesis, where they convert CO2 and sunlight into carbohydrates and release oxygen.
        - Storage: Plants store carbon in the form of carbohydrates in their leaves, stems and roots. - Consumption and Decomposition: Consumers feed on plants and obtain carbon from their tissues. When organisms die, carbon is released back into the environment through decomposition. - Respiration: Both plants and animals perform cellular respiration, releasing CO2 back into the atmosphere. - Combustion: The burning of fossil fuels and biomass also releases CO2 into the atmosphere. - Deposition: Part of the carbon is deposited in oceanic and terrestrial sediments in the form of undecomposed organic matter. -Ocean cycle: Oceans also play an important role in absorbing CO2 from the atmosphere, which contributes to water acidification.
        
        Oxygen Cycle: Oxygen is an essential element for respiration in most aerobic organisms, including humans.
        
        -Photosynthesis: Plants and algae carry out photosynthesis, taking in CO2 and releasing oxygen into the atmosphere.
        -Respiration: Cellular respiration of plants, animals and microorganisms consumes oxygen and releases CO2.
        -Oxidation: The oxidation of organic matter and minerals also consumes oxygen. -Exchange with the atmosphere: Oxygen mixes in the atmosphere and diffuses into the air, allowing it to be available for respiration by terrestrial and aquatic organisms.
      - Law of Conservation of Matter; Matter cannot be created nor destroyed in any chemical reaction. It can only be transformed from one form to another.