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Written translation - Coggle Diagram
Written translation
Americanisms
Instead of Present Perfect - Past Simple (Indefinite) is used:
Orthography (spelling)
Lexical composition
Prepositions
Articles
Use of Past Simple instead of Past Perfect
Phraseological terms
LEXICAL FEATURES OF TRANSLATION
Translation of context-independent words
transfer of proper names and place names, firms, newspapers and magazines by means of transcription, transliteration or calquing
transcription
Translation of context-dependent words
transmission
Transliteration
polysemantic words, contextual meanings of words
Translation of neologisms
Expanding the meaning
Formation of neologism by conversion, substantiation and adjectivation
Techniques for translation of neologisms
1) transcription
2) transliteration
3) calque
4)descriptive translation
Neologisms are new words that have not yet been registered in dictionaries
Prefixal and suffixal formation of new words
Theoretical problems of translation
The requirement for
translation as an end
result
literal or word-for-word translation, semantic translation and communicative translation
Linguists distinguish two phases of translation as a process:
abridged translation:
selective or functional
translation
Lexico-semantic
Semantic development or modulation
. Emphatisation
Expansion or generalization
Narrowing
Transmission of international and pseudo-international words, or "false friends of the translator”
Pseudo-international words
words that are similar in spelling and sound in different languages and have the same meaning, and words that look alike have a different meaning.
International words
words often express socio-political and scientific concepts
Translation
From the history of
translation
Key tasks of translation
Translation and interpretation
Phases of translation
Key tasks and features of translation