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Women Feed the World, Not Corporations, Mind Map 4, Èvemarie Durant,…

- - - - Nature as inert, dead, and manipulable matter by men
    - - Farming as a waged labor to produce corporate profit
    - - Women as invisible; women's work as taken for granted and ignores (Satyavathi et al., 2010)
    - - Food as a commodity: interchangeable between biofuel for cars, feed for factory farming, and sustenance for the hungry
  - - - They claim that their economic power to dominate our food system is part of their ''freedom of speech'', which could undermine the rights of real people and all species
      - E.g. GMO labeling laws and Monsanto: Monsanto claimed the right to hide such information; passing GMO labeling laws is still blocked by the industry today
    - - Corporations have redefined the concept of money and turned it into "capital". By doing so, they turn themselves into the ''head'', which allows them to rule over and exploit nature and people --> the 1% hide to rob the 99% of their resources & opportunities.
      - E.g. Control of seed: commercialized, privatized, hybrid seeds remove the control of plant genetic resources from peasant women, while require to be bought every year, generating corporate profit
    - - The global food system is in the hand of only a few corporations
      - 4 major players control the global agri-food system: Archer Daniel Midland (ADM), Bunge, Cargil, and Louis Dreyfus (AGR205)
    - - It is based on an artificial construction of a fictitious and unjust ''creation boundary'': it fails to count women's production as ''work'', since it falls outside the production boundary
      - The exploitation of resources and people is presented as production and growth: if you consume what you produce, you don't produce
    - - Deep down, it originates from ideas of the father of modern science (Bacon, Newton, Descartes, and Boyle), that were further promoted by the Royal Society: ''the empire of man over nature''
      - It promotes the ''monoculture of the mind'' and ''monoculture of the land''
      - Ethnocentric views on progress led Western powers to promote industrialization and agricultural development worldwide after Wolrd War II (AGR202)
    - - Waged work makes us consumers, relying on commodities to meet our basic needs
    - - A focus on growth and productivity, which extends to the food system due to malthusianism (concerns over population growth and food security)
      - Paid employment can define whether people feel socially valued, with social reproduction being undervalued
  - - - As just a handful of corporations control the global food system, from seed to table, and as girls are being denied their potential as food producers and biodiversity experts, so are livelihoods
    - - Monocultures, synthetic pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers, GMOs, mechanization (fossil fuel use) and more lead to the ecological destruction of nature's processes
    - - Women do not feed themselves, their families, and their community; instead, corporate power produce nutrient defficient, poorly diverse, industrially processed food that lead to obesity and related diseases
    - - As women become invisible, so do their knowledge, work, skills, and creativity. Girls are being denied their potential as food producers and biodiversity experts
  - - - Norman Borlaug, an American scientist from the University of Minnesota, conducted plant breeding research in Mexico (1940s) to develop new shorter, disease resistant, high-yield variety of wheat
      - At the same time, new mechanized agricultural technologies were being developed and spead worldwide (1950s and 1960s)
    - - Increased use of: chemical fertilizers; synthetic pesticides; irrigation
      - Multiple crops produced throughout the year, due to shorter time to maturity
      - Development of high-yielding crops: higher yield per plant; increased planting density; more robust
    - - Environmental --> Chemical runoff; high water use; soil degradation, land deterioration, and abandonment; conversion of new, fragile lands; increased pesticide use; narrowed genetic diversity; increased use of fossil fuel
      - Social --> Dramatic transformation of rural life for large numbers of people; degradation of cultural food traditions; disproportionate benefits
      - Economic --> Consumers expect to pay less for food; decreased reliance on local economy; slowdown in yield grown; inequality between rich and poor
- - - - Food as food: grown, consumed, and marketed in response to local needs
    - - Women as the primary growers and providers of food, nutrition, and nourishment
    - - Nature as a living, nurturing mother
    - - Farming as part of livelihoods
  - - - Caring for the Earth (nature-friendly agriculture) and caring for communities
    - - Conserving and renewing Earth's resources
    - - Sharing of knowledge and sharing of produce (local markets)
    - - Adressing malnutrition and food security
  - - - Women produce more than 50% of the world's food, and more than 80% of the insecure households and regions' food --> everyone gets their faire share to eat (children, women, and communities)
      - Food produced is nutritious, diverse, and sustaining
      - With food grown for eating, most is consumed at the household or local level, some is marketed locally, and only some goes to distant places
    - - agroecology, seed, biodiversity, nutrition, growing and processing knowledge is passed down from generations
    - - Farming is done on a small scale, natural resources are conserved and renewed, and there is little or no dependence on fossil fuels and chemicals.
      - Inputs needec for production (fertilizers) are produced on the farm from compost, green manure, or nitrogen-fixing crops.
      - Diversity and integration are key features; seed conservation preserves genetic diversity and the self-renewability of food crops
- - - - Imitating natural ecosystems to reduce economic and environmental cost of agricultural production
    - - Enhancing the capacity of farmers, communities, and ecosystems to recover from disturbances
    - - Producing more using less external resources
    - - Protecting and improving rural livelihoods, equity, and social well-being
    - - Enhancing key functiond across food systems to support production and mutiple ecosystem services
    - - Supporting healthy, diversified, and culturally appropriate diets
    - - Responding to local challenges through participatory processes
    - - Obtaining transparent, accountable, and inclusive governance mechanisms at the local, national, and global scale
    - - Ensuring food security and nutrition, while conserving, protecting, and enhancing natural resources
    - - Reconnecting producers and consumers
  - - - Redesign the agroecosystem so that it functions on the basis of a new set of ecological processes
    - - Re-establish a more direct connection between those who grow and consume food
    - - Substitue alternative practices for industrial/conventional inputs and practices
    - - Build a new global food system, based on equity, participation, democracy, and justice, that is not only sustainable but helps restore and protects earth's life support systems upon which we all depend
    - - Increase the efficiency of industrial and conventional practices in order to reduce the use and consumption of costly, scarce, or envrionmentally damaging inputs