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Eukaryotic cells and organelles - Coggle Diagram
Eukaryotic cells and organelles
Cell-surface membranes and cytoplasm
Plasma membrane
Structure
The plasma membrane is made from a phospholipid bilayer.
A phospholipid is a lipid molecule with glycerol, two fatty acid chains, and a phosphate-containing group.
Plasma membranes have proteins and cholesterol embedded in them
These proteins can act as receptors. This means that the cell can respond to the external environment of the cell.
Function
The plasma membrane controls the passage of organic molecules, ions, water, and oxygen into and out of the cell.
Waste products (e.g. carbon dioxide and ammonia) leave the cell by passing through the plasma membrane.
Prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells have a cell-surface (plasma) membrane that separates the inside of the cell from its environment.
Cytoplasm
Structure
Cytoplasm is made up of organelles suspended in the gel-like cytosol.
70% of the cytoplasm is made up of water.
The cytoplasm also contains proteins, sugars, ions and fatty acids.
Function
Many metabolic reactions take place in the cytoplasm.
Different organelles perform specific functions within the cytoplasm.
It is important to remember that organelles are parts of a cell.
Organelles are not cells even though they are often surrounded by membranes.
The nucleus
The nucleus is a big organelle that contains the cell's DNA. It is surrounded by a nuclear envelope.
The nuclear envelope
Structure
Nucleolus
Chromatin
Nucleoplasm
Nuclear pore
Nuclear envelope
The nuclear envelope is a double-membrane structure that has a number of pores.
Both the inner and outer membranes of the nuclear envelope are phospholipid bilayers.
Endoplasmic reticulum
Function
The pores in the nuclear envelope control the passage of ions, molecules and RNA between the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm.
Nucleus
Structure
The nucleoplasm is the semi-solid fluid inside the nucleus, where we find the chromatin and the nucleolus.
In eukaryotes, the nucleus contains linear chromosomes that are made up of DNA.
There is an area within the nucleus called the nucleolus.
Function
The nucleus controls the actions of the cell.
DNA in the nucleus contains instructions for the synthesis of proteins.
Ribosomal RNA is joined together with associated proteins int he nucleolus to assemble the ribosomal subunits.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts
Mitochondria produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) via aerobic respiration. Chloroplasts are plant cells organelles that carry out photosynthesis.
Mitochondria