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Exam 3 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Influence # oxygen hemoglobin
        
        Amount of oxygen present
        
        Temperature (98.6) and acidity(7.5) of tissues
  - - - Sugars (surface markers) attached to blood cell determies blood type: A B AB O
      - Antigen: marker not part of persons body
    - - Rh group (protein)
      - ABO group (sugar)
    - - ABO blood typing: chemical analysis to determine blood type
      - Agglutination: clump/clot mix incompatible types
  - - - FIX: Factor X: protein, triggers production of thrombin
      - Thrombin enzyme activates fibrinogen: stick together blood cells and platelets
      - Entire mass forms blood clot to seal back up; draw torn walls of vessel back together
      - Thrombosis: clotting triggered by release of substances outside blood: forming blood clot
      - Embolism
        
        Embolus: clot circulation, heart, lungs, brain if clot closes organs blood supply (slur speech, droopy muscles eyelids, walk)
        
        Stroke: embolus when blood flow blocked part of brain (area dies), mild
        
        Wound healing
        
        form blood clot, 2. phagocytes clean up debris; 3. scab formation; 4. regen blood minimize blood loss and infection
  - - - Malaria: hemolytic anemia (no oxygen bind); protozoan messes up shape (mosquitos)
      - Anemias: red blood cell not deliver enough oxygen; iron-deficiency, pernicious (B12); aplastic (cancer)
    - - Infectious mononucleosis: kissing; Epstein-Barr virus; overproduction of lymphocytes (tired)
      - HIV: attacks white cells causes AIDS
      - Leukemia: blood cancer; cancer bone marrow
    - - CO prevents hemoglobin from binding to oxygen (poisoning= headache/woozy)
      - Septicemia: bacteria toxin release poison the blood (staph A)
      - Toxemia: metabolic poison, kidneys couldn't remove toxic waste from blood, waste buildup prevent replacement of red blood cells & platelet function; blood cannot clot
- - - - Spleen: antibody production; dispose old red cells/debris; red cell formation in embryo
      - Thoracic Duct: drain most of body
      - Lymph vessels: return excess interstitial fluid & recycle solute to blood
      - Lymph nodes: filter bacteria & disease from lymph
      - Thymus Gland: white cells recognize specific invaders
      - Bone Marrow: production for infection fighting cells
      - Right Lymph Duct: drain right upper portion
      - Tonsils: defense against bacteria/foreign
    - - Drain, deliver, dispose
      - drainage collect water and solute that leaked out back into circulation
      - pick up fats absorbed from small intestine and deliver to bloodstream
      - transport foreign material (antigen) & debris to lymph nodes
    - - Spleen: filters blood; holding station for lymphocytes
      - Thymus: T cells multiply and specialize
      - Lymph nodes: white cells accumulate in lymph node vessels
  - - - Specificity: receptor for one kind of antigen
      - Diversity: receptors for 2B+ antigens
      - Memory: held in reserve for future needs
    - - Lymphocyte: effector, memory, plasma (make antibodies); antibodies to destroy (proteins)
    - - Cytotoxic, Helper; cells to destroy
    - - Self marker (protein): MHC (friend)
      - Non-self (Antigen): foreign, engulf/cuts, MHC mark for identification, display surface
    - - Immunoglobulins
        
        lgG: main; neutralize toxin; protect fetus secreted in milk
        
        lgA
        
        lgD
        
        IgE
        
        lgM
  - - - Sporadic disease: irregular break out
      - endemic disease: continous (cold)
      - pandemic: epidemic different places same time
      - epidemic: disease above predicted
- - - - Heimlich maneuver: dislodge material from trachea
    - - Internal: oxygen from blood to tissue
      - External: oxygen from alveoli to blood