Introduction to Psychology
Interpretation
Research Method
Brain
Emotions
Learning
Presepectives
Learning/Behavioral Psychology
Cognitive Psychology
Evolutionary Psychology
Social Psychology
Genetic/Behavioral genetics
Physiological/Biopsychology
Neural/Behavioral Sciences
Cultural Psychology
Developmental Psychology
Focus on understanding how the nervous system produces behaviors/experiences
Impact of hormones/drugs on the brain to alter behavior/physiological mechanism underlying behavior
Role of genes in shaping behavior and in mental traits
Explain universal human characteristics through evolutionary processes
How prior experiences influence behavior, emotions, perception, thougths
Focus on individual knowledge or beliefs as determinants of behavior and mental processes (perception, memory, problem-solving)
Investigates how social norms, group dynamics and social interactions influence and shape behavior
Studies how cultural context and structures influence individual's behavior and actions
Focuses on how behavior and mental processes change across the lifspan
How they arise
Sexual attraction
What they are
Biological presepctive
Psychological prespective
Research design
Bias
correlation study
descriptive study
Validity
Reliability
Ethics
Internal validity
External validty
Face validity
Construct validty
Criterion validty
Human studies
Animal studies
measurement bias
expectanacy bias
sampling bias
reliability & validity
observer expectancy
subject expectancy
experiments
within subject
Dependent variable
Independent variable
between subjects
setting
data collection
laboratory
field
observation
self reported
inferential statistic
correlation coeffient
possibility of discomfort or harm
use of deception
privacy
Research cycle
replicability
interobserver reliabilty
operational definition
Method of study
Neurons
Structure & Function
Occipital lobe
Temporal lobe
Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Limbic system
Cerebellum
Brain stem
Hippocamus
Amygdala
Hypothalamus
Thalamus
Basal Ganglia
directs essential activities such as heart rate, breathing, sleep-wake cycle, attention, temperature regulation, vision, hearing
"little brain", proper motor function, it operates independently and unconsciously
planning and producing movement, reward and motivating behaviors
crucial for survival, responding to fear induction stimuli, intensify memory function during emotional arousal
formation of new memories, spatial memory
controls pituitary gland, link between nervous system and endocrine system
receive all incoming informations, organize it and relays it to the cortex
memories, emotions, language comprehension, links word to their somatic meaning
somatosensation and proprioception
decodes visual signals, tells about where, what and how we see something
make sense of information about the environment, memories, emotions and uses these info to make decisions
prefrontal cortex
premotor cortex
orbitofrontal cortex
TMS
Lesions and Stimulation (animal only)
Observation of behaviors when part of the brain is damaged
EEG
PET
fMRI
Neuroimages
structure
functioning
types
motor neurons
interneurons
sensory neurons
dendrites
axon
cell nucleus
cell body
resting potential
action potential
neurogenesis
mirror neurons
Corpus callosum
Split brain
Conditioning
Associations
Classical
Operant
Role of play
Evolutionary perspective
Social perspective
difference male/female
mate selection pattern
social comparison
socialization
media and popular culture
norms/values
cultural variation in relationship
amygdala
prefrontal cortex
conscious experience of emotions and deliberate, planned actions based on feelings
fast, unconscious emotional response
Schachter's Two Factors Theory
Facial Feedback Hypotesis
Discrete Emotion Theory
Darwin's Theory of Emotional Adaptation
James-Lange Theory
intertwined with cognition
Robert Plutchik's classification
not static/fixed
anger vs fear
acceptance vs disgust
joy vs sorrow
surprise vs expectancy
subject feeling direct towards an object
can be free-floating, moods
Conditioned stimulus/response
Unconditioned stimulus/response
Extintion
Spontaneous recovery
Generalization
discrimination training
S-R Theory/Behaviorism
S-S Theory/Cognitive
operant response
Reinforcer
low of effect
conditioned reinforcers
partial reinforcement schedule
positive/negative
punishment
Navigate spaces/obstacles
Development of ideas/skills
Exploration of the world
K. Groos Theory
Play of Animals
Play of Men
Role of culture
Role of insticts
Link with language
Development of social skills
Music, Song, Stories
Self-chosen & self-directed
Peer interaction
Structured by the child
Imagination & pretend play
mental construction formed between two or more concepts, experiences or stimuli
Social Learning
Badura Social-Cognitive Theory
indirect reinforcement
Sensation
Perception
bottom-up control
top-down control
physical stimulus > physiological response > sensory experience
Visual illusion
sensory receptors
sensory neurons
Treisman Feature integration theory
Gestalt principles of grouping
"Where and how" pathway
"What" pathway
Contiguity
specific sensory areas in the cerebral cortex
sensory coding
sensory adaptation
absolute threshold & difference threshold
Weber's Law
Biederman - Recognition by component
Geon
detection of features > parallel processing
integration of features > serial processing
illusory conjuction
proximity
similarity
closure
good continuation
common movement
good form
upper, parietal stream
lower, temporal stream
depth perception and size perception
multisensory integration
visual dominance effect
Synesthesia
Memory
Brain
Hippocampus
short term memory
semantic memory
consolidating short term into long term memory
interacts with pre-frontal cortex
Amygdala
emotional memory
more active when one feels more
connect strongly with intense emotion especially fear
Pre-frontal cortex
encoding information
working memory and decision making
organizing logical thinking and memories
controlling memory retrival processes
Main processes
Storage
Retrieval
Encoding
Types of memories
explicit memory
implicit memory
procedural memory
flashbulb memory
declarative memory
episodic
sematic
working memory
long-term memory
Measurments
Behavioral tests
EEG/neuroimaging
Psychophysiological measures
Genetic and pharmacological manipulation
Lesion studies
Forgetting
Retrieval failure
Decay theory
encoding faliure
retroactive interference
intrusion error
proactive interference
repression
Development
types of development
cognitive
perceptual
motor
theories
Vygotsky’s
child as a apprendist
Pieget's
child as a scientist
Information-processing
encoding
storage
retrivial
attention
executive function
developmental changes
individual differences
Phases
infancy
early/late childhood
prenatal
early/late adulthood
Personality
traits
temporary and non-mesurable
Cattell's traits Theory
Fiske "Big Five Theory"
openness/non-openness
agreeableness/antagonism
neuroticism/stability
conscientiousness/undirectedness
extraversion/introversion
states
enduring and mesurable
Mind as a blank state vs Innate mechanisms
Family environment
gender differences
perspectives
sociocogntive
humanistic
psychodynamic
Helping behaviors
Tragedy of the common
Evolutionary prospective
altruisim
reciprocity
kin selection
cooperation
out-group discrimination
in-group favoritism