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6.1.2 Patterns of inheritance - Coggle Diagram
6.1.2 Patterns of inheritance
the contribution of both
environmental
and
genetic
factors to
phenotypic variation
genetic and environmental factors eg for
continuous variation
number of genes involved?
genetic factors eg for
discontinuous variation
number of genes involved?
how sexual reproduction can lead to genetic
variation within a species
stages of meiosis that create variation
1.
2.
3.
random fusion of gametes
genetic diagrams to show patterns of
inheritance
monogenic inheritance
eg
phenotypic ratios
two purebreds
two heterozygotes
dihybrid
inheritance
eg
phenotypic ratios
two purebreds
two heterozygotes
multiple alleles
sex linkage
codominance
the use of phenotypic ratios to identify and explanations of.....
autosomal linkage
draw a diagram to demonstrate the inheritance of linked genes
how does it affect the phenotypic ratio (what will be observed)?
what are recombinants/recombinant frequency?
epistasis
dominant epistasis phenotypic ratios
two purebreds
two heterozygotes
recessive epistasis phenotypic ratios
two purebreds
two heterozygotes
what is it?
what does the epistatic gene code for (2 types of proteins)?
using the
chi-squared (χ2) test
to determine the significance of the difference between observed and expected results
formula
calculating the number of degrees of freedom
comparison of the χ2 value with the CV, using p=0.05-what does this mean?
if the χ2 is > CV, what is the conclusion (3 points)?
the factors that can affect the evolution of a
species
factors
increasing
genetic biodiversity/widening the gene pool
mutations
gene flow
factors
decreasing
genetic biodiversity/narrowing the gene pool
genetic drift
Founder effect
genetic bottleneck
selection of favourable alleles
sexual selection
natural selection
directional selection
stablising selection
disruptive selection
the use of the Hardy–Weinberg principle to
calculate allele frequencies in populations
allele frequency
genotype/phenotype frequency
what are the conditions for the Hardy-Weinberg principle?
the role of isolating mechanisms in the evolution
of new species
geographical mechanisms (
allopatric
speciation)
reproduction mechanisms (
sympatric
speciation)
artificial selection
the ethical considerations surrounding the
use of artificial selection.
what is it?
examples of artificial selection in animals and plants?
why is it important to maintain a resource of genetic material for use in selective breeding including wildtypes?
what are the negatives of artificial selection?