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EMOTION - Coggle Diagram

- - - - lateral, basal and accessory basal nuclei
    - - cortical, medial and central nucleus
  - - - central nucleus receives this input and sends it to the HYPO and brainstem for emotional reaction
      - basal nucleus receives this input from LA and sends it to the striatum to elicit action
    - - fast = reflexive. if threat genuine no time to react
      - slow - can process if actually a threat
  - - - can work on extinction as well
- - - - perception of stimulus -> ANS response -> physiological reaction -> emotive processing
    - - perception of stimulus -> emotional responses simultaneously with ANS response -> physiological reaction
  - - - cognitive processing has to come before physiological response
        
        primary appraisal: assess whether stimulus is something need to be worried over
        
        secondary appraisal: do we have the resources to handle the most appropriate reaction
    - - perception of stimulus -> ANS response -> physiological reaction -> emotion response
        
        however physiological reaction depends on context for emotion. e.g. high heart rate mean anxious or in love?
- - - - parasympathetic nervous system
        
        rest and digest
        
        ACh
      - sympathetic nervous system
        
        fight or flight
        
        NE
- - - - valid
      - self-report
    - - hard to infer causality
        
        typically need a lesion
        
        Kulver-Bucy syndrome: bilateral damage to the temporal lobe = hyperorality, hypersexuality
        
        urban weitch disease
        
        genetic disorder causing calcification of blood vessels in temporal lobe
        
        triggers docility and apathy
        
        can still feel fear but cannot condition fear to something
        
        OR can look at physiological changes of SKIN CONDUCTANCE
  - - - can do causal experiments through opto and chemogenetics
    - - ethics
      - validity
      - self-report
    - - open-field test - thigmotaxis more time spent hugging the walls
      - elevated plus maze: spend more time in closed arms
      - beta blockers
        
        mechanism of action: beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists
        
        mode of action: block sympathetic-mediated responses in the body
        
        therapeutic uses: CV
    - - predator exosure
    - - forced swim test - correlates with immobility
        
        strongly criticised on ethical and theoretical grounds
        
        behavioural measure also associated to depression
        
        anhedonia: lack of interest or enjoyment from lifes activities
        
        apathy: lack of interest / enthusiasm / concern
        
        avolition: lack of motivation to get anything done
        
        abulia: lack of drive for action, speech, thought
- - - - conscious perception of emotion likely occurs in cortical networks
      - insula is critical for interoception (conscious experience of somatic sensations) so could likely be involved in translating ANS activation into psychological percepts
    - - this is important as physiological symptoms do not always match well with subjective self-report of state or psychological symptoms.
  - - - silencing insula attenuates the response to tachycardia
        
        = insula may play a role in translating ANS activity into conscious experience
      - silencing PFC has no such effect