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Cycle 6, d4be3827-eaf5-4b71-b6c4-7b0b8df18b6e, descarga, : habitat 1,…
Cycle 6
Ecology: Maria Jose Ayala
Environment: is the physical and biotic environment in which living organisms interact, including abiotic factors.
Population: is a group of organisms of the same species that live in a specific area and reproduce among themselves.
Organism: An organism is an individual living being, whether a plant, animal or microorganism, that has the ability to perform vital functions such as feeding, growing and reproducing.
Kingdom Plantae: It includes multicellular plants that carry out photosynthesis to obtain energy. Examples are trees, shrubs, flowers, herbs and ferns.
Kingdom Fungi: Includes fungi, such as mushrooms, yeasts and molds, which are important decomposers and have a variety.
Kingdom Animalia: Includes multicellular animals that obtain their food by ingestion. Examples include mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, and invertebrates such as insects, arachnids, and mollusks.
Mortality rate: is a measure indicating the number of deaths in a population during a given period, usually expressed as a rate
Biosphere: The biosphere is the layer of the Earth where life is found, including all living things and their environments, from the atmosphere to the oceans and the Earth's surface.
Ecosystem: An ecosystem is a natural system made up of living beings, including biotics and abiotics.
Abiotic factors: An abiotic factor is a non-living component of an ecosystem, such as climate, soil, sunlight, and water, that affect
Biotic factors: A biotic factor is a living component of an ecosystem, such as plants, animals, and microorganisms, that influence the life and interactions of other life forms in that environment.
Community: is a set of populations of different species that coexist and interact in the same place and time, sharing an ecosystem and creating relationships of interdependence in that environment.
Biome: is a large geographical area with a characteristic set of climatic conditions, soils, plants and animals that develop in response to those conditions, such as forests.
Community climax: It is a mature and stable state of an ecological community that has achieved relative equilibrium with its environment and does not experience significant changes unless major disturbances occur.
Succession: is the gradual process of change in the species composition and structure of a biological community over time
Niche: is the specific role or function that a species plays in an ecosystem, including its interaction with other organisms and its use of resources.
Producer: is an organism, usually a plant or algae, that produces its own food through photosynthesis, converting solar energy into organic matter.
Decomposer: An organism that is responsible for breaking down dead organic matter, such as leaves, dead animals or plant remains, into simpler nutrients, thus recycling materials in an ecosystem.
Food chain: it is a sequence of living beings in an ecosystem, where each organism feeds on the one that precedes it and is in turn food on the one that follows it, showing how energy and nutrients are transferred in an ecosystem.
Food web: A system more complex than a food chain, where multiple species interact in an ecosystem by eating and being eaten by other organisms.
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Heterotroph: It is an organism that obtains its food by consuming other living beings or organic matter.
Consumer: is an organism that obtains its food by consuming other organisms.
Autotroph: is an organism capable of producing its own food from inorganic energy sources, such as photosynthesis or chemosynthesis, without depending on other organisms to obtain nutrients.
Habitat: A habitat is the specific place or environment where a species of organism lives, finds food, water, shelter, and reproduces
Tundra: Cold, arctic regions with permanently frozen soils, where low-growing plants grow.
Tropical Rainforests: Humid and warm, with dense vegetation and high biodiversity.
Prairies: Grassland ecosystems with herbs and grasses, such as the Great Plains of North America.
Mangroves: Coastal ecosystems of saline waters with trees and shrubs adapted to flooded conditions.
Deserts: Arid habitats with little water and vegetation, such as the Sahara Desert or the Atacama Desert.
Coral Reefs: Marine communities made up of corals that are home to a rich diversity of marine life.
Forests: They can be temperate, boreal, tropical, evergreen or deciduous forests, with a variety of flora and fauna adapted to different climates and types of trees.
Mountains: Include alpine habitats at high altitudes.
Limiting factors: are elements or conditions of an environment that restrict growth, reproduction or distribution.
Birth rate: is a measure that indicates the number of births in a population.
Biomes, by Parra
A biome is a geographic region with similar climatic conditions, vegetation and fauna across the earth.
Are classified in:
biomes
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Habitats that exist in saltwater; examples include oceans, estuaries, coral Reefs. Found in many regions of the Earth. Animals have adaptations that allow them to survive without limbs in salty water.
Freshwater biomes: Habitats that exist in saltwater; examples include oceans, estuaries, coral Reefs. Found in many regions of the Earth. Animals have adaptations that allow them to survive without limbs in salty water.
Terrestrial biomes
Tundra Cold, dry biome located near poles (between about 60-90 degrees latitude). Receives little precipitation. Has white animals and plants with short roots.
Tropical rainforest Biome located between the Tropics of Capricorn and Cancer (between the equator and 22.5 degrees north and south latitude). Characterized by a hot, humid climate
Desert Biome with hot, arid (dry) climate. Plants and animals have specialized features to help them store water. Animals have special behaviors to help them survive extreme temperatures.
Climate
long-term weather system found in an area over time; influenced by 5 factors: latitude, temperature, precipitation, topography, and elevation
Weather
atmospheric conditions like temperature, air pressure, wind speed, precipitation
Ecosystem
All the biotic and abiotic factors in a specific area
Adaptations
Physical or behavioral characteristics of plants and animals that help them survive in their own environment
By: Montoya:Ecology: Common Terms
Ecology - the study of the interrelationships of living organisms and their environment
Environment - all the living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic or physical) conditions that act on an organism and affect its chances of survival
Abiotic Factors - non-living or physical factors e.g. temperature, amount of water, amount of oxygen, amount of light
Biotic Factors - living factors e.g. amount of food, predators, parasites, competitors
Community - all the organisms in a particular area at a given time
Population - the number of a particular species in an area at a specific time
Habitat - the area in which an organism lives
Ecosystem - a natural unit of living and non-living parts that interact to produce a stable system in which the exchange of materials between living and non-living parts cycles
Biome - A biome is a large, easily differentiated community unit arising as a result of complex interactions of climate, other physical factors and biotic factors. Examples of Biomes are tundra, temperate grassland, desert and tropical rainforest.
Biosphere - The Biosphere is the collective interaction of all the biomes on the Earth.
Relationships in the environment
Symbiosis - a relationship in which two organisms of different species 'live together' for a period of time
Parasitism - a form of symbiosis in which one organism derives nutrients from the second organism which suffers some harm but is usually not killed (e.g. A tick is the parasite that feeds off a dog which is the host.)
Mutualism - a form of symbiosis in which both organisms help each other (e.g. A remora fish eats the algae and barnacles from the skin of a shark which, in turn, protects the remora.)
Commensalism - a form of symbiosis in which one organism helps the other organism, but there is no benefit or harm done in return (e.g. A clown fish lives inside a sea anemone and is protected by it. The sea anemone derives no benefit or harm from the relationship.)
Predator / Prey Relationships - the relationship in which one organism (predator) hunts and eats another (prey) (e.g. lion / antelope)
Competition - a relationship where two types of organisms compete for the same resource such as food, water, nesting site (e.g. sheep and kangaroos compete for grass)
Populations
Population - the number of individuals of the same species in a given area at a given area
Factors affecting Populations
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BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
In biogeochemical cycles there is nutrient recycling: Biogeochemical cycles involve the movement of chemical elements.
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Carbon cycle:the series of processes by which carbon compounds are interconverted in the environment
carbon and oxygen cycle: recycling O2 and CO2 using PS and CR in the biosphere
nitrogen cycle: essential for organisms to obtain nitrogen to produce DNA and protein
nitrogen gas to nitrate so it is usable for organisms
Cyclic processes: Biogeochemical cycles follow cyclic pathways, where chemical elements move between the atmosphere, the lithosphere (the outer solid layer of the Earth), the hydrosphere (water on Earth) and the biosphere (living things).
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Photosynthesis: the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide
Respiration: the action of breathing
decomposition: the state or process of rotting; decay
Denitrification: is a microbially facilitated process of nitrate reduction
evaporation: The changing of a liquid into a gas, often under the influence of heat
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food chains
different types of eating
carnivores
carnivores
eat meat
can eat other smaller animals, even if they hunt in a group the animals could even get preys that are bigger than them
herbivores
eat plants
they are usually eaten by carnivores
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Migration rate: is a measure that indicates the difference between the number of people who move to a region or country and the number who leave during a given period.
Important concpets about biomes
