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Embryology - Coggle Diagram
Embryology
Analytical 1
Embryonic development since fertilization is a critical process that is prone to disturbances that can result in orocranial-facial abnormalities or anomalies, as well as disorders in speech and masticatory function.
Embryonic development is prone to disturbances that can cause orocranial-facial abnormalities and speech/masticatory disorders.
Fertilization involves capacitation, acrosome reaction, and cortical reaction.
The three embryonic layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm) form during gastrulation.
Facial development is a complex process driven by hormonal, genetic, and environmental factors.
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Analytical 2
Concerned about her daughter's face with cleft lip, representing a developmental disorder of the embryonic lips during pregnancy, Anna's mother took her to consult an aesthetic surgeon for the possibility of improving her daughter's appearance.
Possible causes of cleft lip include factors like smoking, diabetes, and certain medications.
Lip development during embryogenesis is a complex process that spans from the 5th to the 12th week of pregnancy, involving the fusion of facial prominences derived from pharyngeal arches and neural crest cells.
The upper lip originates from the central or frontonasal prominence and the maxillary prominences, while the lower lip forms from the fusion of mandibular processes.
Lip development entails the closure of the lip and the formation of the primary and secondary palate.
Analytical 3
A mother comes to the hospital to check her baby who has a cough when breastfeeding and ASI that often comes out through the nose. On examination, Dr. Ani, a dentist who works at the hospital found a cleft palate in the baby, which is the result of a developmental disorder in the palate during pregnancy.
Cleft lip and palate can be caused by genetic factors, medication use during pregnancy, or fetal exposure to viruses or toxins.
The formation of the palate involves both primary and secondary palates. The secondary palate forms by the fusion of palatal processes from the maxillary processes between the sixth and eighth weeks of embryonic development.
The soft palate is crucial for separating the nasal and oral cavities during swallowing and speech, but it can be affected by conditions like cleft palate, sleep apnea, and cancer, which result from the palatal shelves' improper fusion due to various cellular and molecular mechanisms, including TGF-β and FGF signaling pathways.
arch, sulcus and pharyngeal sac
Pharyngeal/branchial arches: Paired structures forming the basis for various head and neck components.
Pharyngeal sulci/grooves: Temporary furrows between arches, significant in aquatic organisms but typically fuse and disappear in terrestrial vertebrates.
Pharyngeal pouches: Pockets of tissue within the embryonic pharynx, essential in developing head and neck structures such as the auditory tube, tonsils, and more.
3 Embryonic layers
Ectoderm: The outermost layer, giving rise to the skin, hair, nails, and the nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord.
Mesoderm: The middle layer, responsible for muscles, bones, the circulatory system, and the urogenital system (kidneys, reproductive organs).
Endoderm: The innermost layer, forming the linings of internal organs, including the respiratory and digestive tracts, as well as glands like the thyroid and pancreas.
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