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SLEEP - Coggle Diagram

- - - - memories while sleep
        
        spindles with regular delta waves = memory not reinforced
        
        spindles with deep slow delta waves = memory reinforced
  - - - increases activity in autonomic nervous system
      - activity increases in high visual areas and decreases in striate cortex
      - activity increases in other areas related to dream content
      - activity low in PFC - may underlie poor organisation fo dreams and lack of control
- - - - categorised by degeneration of orexinergic neurons
    - - hard to diagnose bc self report + sometimes just environmental factors
- - - - pons of brainstem
      - locus coeruleus = NE release in cortex
      - associated with vigilance and attention
    - - DA of periaqueductal grey activated by NE
      - DA of periaqueductal grey project to raphe to elicit serotonin release
      - periaqueductal grey, VTA, STN
    - - tuberomammilary nucleus = cortical histamine release and increased ACh
      - associated with stimuli engagement and novelty detection
      - hypothalamus (posterior)
    - - reticular formation of the brainstem
      - raphe nuclei = cortical arousal and locomotion
      - facilitates automatic movements
    - - hypothalamus (LH+PH)
      - excitatory effects on LC, raphe, TMN, pontine, VTA, nucleus basalis
    - - pointine, tegemental nuclei, nucleus basalis = ACh release in cortex
      - medial septal nuclei = modulates HPC activity
      - brainstem + basal forebrain
- - - - light
        
        through the reitnohypothalamic pathway
        
        retinal ganglion cells detect light
        
        sent to SCN activates downstream nuclei
        
        excites LH orexin and inhibition of POA sleep neurons
        
        sunlight and mood
        
        seasonal affective disorder
        
        seasonal depessive episodes > non-seasonal depressive episodes
        
        full remissions associated with this time too hypomania
        
        depressive episodes associated with that time of year
      - zeitgebers
        
        time you eat / exercise
      - melatonin
        
        acts on SCN to increase their sensitiviey to other zeitgebers
        
        chronobiotic effect - increases bodies natural process
      - genetic mutations