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What is the best method to classify a chemical substance? - Coggle Diagram
What is the best method to classify a chemical substance?
What type of bonding does the substance have?
Metallic
What unique properties are displayed by metallic substances?
Metallic substances are conductive in a solid and liquid form
High strength - not easy to break
High ductility
Highly malleable
Not soluble
Which property can be tested for most easily?
Conductivity - If the substance conducts electricity in a solid state it has metallic bonding. This can be tested with a conductivity tester.
Solubility - The substance should not be soluble in water
Ionic
What unique properties are displayed by ionic substances?
Ionic substances are not conductive as a solid, but is conductive as a
High melting point
High boiling point
Soluble in water
Which property can be tested for most easily?
Conductivity - If the substance conducts electricity in a liquid state, but not a solid state, it has ionic bonding. This can be tested with a conductivity tester.
Solubility - If the substances can be dissolved in water, it may be ionic.
Covalent
What unique properties are displayed by covalent substances?
Does not conduct electricity in any state
Low melting point
Low boiling point
Brittle in solid form
Poor electrical conductor
Poor thermal conductor
Solubility
Which property can be tested for most easily?
Conductivity - If the substance does not conduct electricity in any state it has covalent bonding. This can be tested with a conductivity tester.
Strength - Can the solid substance be easily smashed or broken
Solubility - The substance should not be soluble in water
What is the structural group of the substance?
Covalent networks
Covalent networks have high boiling and melting points than covalent molecules
This can be tested with boiling and melting point tests
Ionic lattice
The tests used to determine which bonding the substance has will be conducted prior to finding out the structural group. Therefore, based on prior tests mentioned in the "What type of bonding does the substance have?" section you can determine if it is a ionic or metallic lattice
Metallic lattice
The tests used to determine which bonding the substance has will be conducted prior to finding out the structural group. Therefore, based on prior tests mentioned in the "What type of bonding does the substance have?" section you can determine if it is a ionic or metallic lattice
Covalent molecular solid
Boiling and melting point test
Covalent molecules have lower boiling and melting points than covalent networks
This can be tested with boiling and melting point tests
Risk Assessment
Safety
Correct eye protection should be warn as the substances may be harmful if they make contact with your eye or the surrounding area.
Why should this risk be considered and avoided?
This could potentially lead to vision impairment and eyesight damage.
Lab coats should be worn correctly and at all appropriate times to ensure no toxic substances penetrate or make contact with the skin.
Why should this risk be considered and avoided?
Toxic substances can burn, irritate or cause an infection on the skin that can cause serious, lasting issues.
Environmental
Any substance that may have been reusable should not be disposed of, but instead saved for another group conducting the experiment.
Why should this risk be considered and avoided?
The world's finite resources shouldn't be wasted for meaningless reasons. The particular substance being used may be being depleted at a faster rate than it is being renewed, therefore it is important that is is used with consideration.
Ethical
Any edible substance should not be put to waste as their are many regions in the world where food is a scarcity and starvation is causing numerous deaths and malnutrition.
Why should this risk be considered and avoided?
It is unethical to waste food when millions of people are dying from a lack of the substance that is being put to meaningless waste for an experiment.
Limitations
There is limited class time available at school which restricts the amount of tests that can be conducted to help us narrow down the structural groups and bonding of the substances
There are limited resources at school which restrict our ability to conduct various tests. This reduces our ability to accurately separate the structures into different structural groups and bonding types.
Background information
What is covalent bonding?
A bond formed between two non-metals
What is metallic bonding?
A bond formed between two metals and have the same characteristics as metals.
What is ionic bonding?
A bond formed between a metal and a non-metal.
What is a chemical substance?
A chemical substance is a form of matter having constant chemical composition and characteristic properties.
What is a molecular structure?
Composed of discrete molecules held together by covalent bonds.
What is a lattice structure?
Large numbers of the same atoms arranged in a three-dimensional structure with a repeated pattern
What is a network structure?
Atoms are bonded in a continuous network throughout the material