Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

What is the best method to classify a chemical substance? - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Dull
        
        No shine
      - Brittle
      - Low BP/MP
      - Poor Conductivity
    - - malleable
        
        Prone to being reshaped
      - lustrous
        
        Shine
      - ductile
        
        Able to become thin wires.
    - - The state of gas can give insight to the boiling point. This can further give information about what type of substance it is.
    - - Single
      - Double
      - Triple
      - Ionic
        
        Metal + non-metal. High polarity. Able to conduct electricity in water.
      - Covalent
        
        Two non-metals. No conductivity due to strength of bonds.
      - Metallic
        
        Two metals. Able to conduct. Unable to be dissolved in water due to strength of bond.
    - - Some substances have a higher boiling points point than others. This showcase an avaliable classification as we can group the range of boiling points. Furthermore, it gives insight into the substance. For instance, metals, have high melting and boiling point in general.
    - - Metals are usually in a solid state at room temperature.
    - - Melting point can determine if it's a metal. Metals usually have a high melting point. If it turns into a liquid at higher degrees than it might be a metal.
    - - Properties
        
        semiconductors
        
        Being able to conduct under specific circumstances
        
        brittle
        
        Higher BP/MP
        
        lustrous
    - - The degree to which heavy metals are soluble determines their toxicity. Metals tend to be more toxic at lower pH because they are more soluble. A high acid concentration can mean that it is a non-metal.
- - - - Weight (mg, g, etc.)
        
        Gives insight towards density which can reveal the properties of a substance.
      - Size
      - Electric Conductivity
        
        Conductivity Measurement Device
        
        Has some faults if the machine is broken or it doesn't fully connect to the substances. The substance no being fully dissolved in water can also affect it as well.
      - Solubility
        
        A solubility test gives insight to the strength of the bonds. Furthermore, metals are more likely to be unable to be mixed.
      - Looking
        
        Differences Examination. See the differences between substances to get better insight towards classification
        
        Microscope
      - Purity
        
        Can provide insight towards what went wrong if pure substances weren't used.
      - Malleability test
        
        A malleability test can give insight towards the type of susbtance it is and its bonds. If it breaks easily, it is more likely it is a covalent or ionic bond.
- - - - Cheap Materials/Machinery
  - - - Who is affected by this?
        
        Australians
        
        School-goers
        
        Indigenous Population
      - How would the method affect them?
  - - - Be careful around objects or wear appropriate clothing (e.g. gloves)
      - Infections
    - - Managment of fire can influence production of smoke.
      - Avoid drinking inside lab. Wash hands after usage.
      - Use of gloves can mitigate some risks as it give another layer before contact with your skin.
      - Use adequate equipment and wear necessary protection
    - - The substances used are to be disposed of properly. It could provide extended risks if it were to be put out in the open (e.g. later choking hazards).
  - - - Land Usage
      - Methods Against Culture (e.g. use of heritage sites)
- - - - Limitations: substances with identical molecular formula (e.g. isomers)
  - - - Many substance are not radioactive. All substances provided are assumably not.
  - - - Elements: only one type of atom
      - Compounds: substances that contain two or more types of atom joined
      - Mixtures: substances that contain two or more different substances that are not chemically joined together
    - - Too Broad
      - Does not account for different forms (e.g. allotropes)
      - Does not account for bonding and cations and anions
  - - - Chemical Composition: Ionic has ionics bounds formed by transfer of electrons between metal and non-metal. Metals are composed of metallic substances. They also have a lattice structure of metal atoms.
      - Structure: Ionic has a crystal lattice where positively charged cations are surrounded by negatively charged anions. Metals have a regular lattice structure and the electrons are delocalised making it conductive and malleable.
      - Physical properties (e.g. brittle, high melting and boiling points, and are more soluble in water for ionic compounds)
      - Chemical properties: Ionic compounds are prine to chemical reactions such as dissolution and other reactions. Metals are prone to oxidation, corrosion and other reactions due to their metallic bonding.