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Chapter 1, Symbol, Prefix, Factor, tera-, 10^12, T, 10^9, giga-, G, 10^6,…
Chapter 1
Physical quantities
Def: A quantity that can be measured and consists of a numerical magnitude
Base quantities
Length(m)
Mass(kg)
Time(s)
Current(A)
Temperature(K)
Amount of substance(mol)
Standard form
A number between 1 and 10
multiplied by an appropriate power of 10
Scalar and vector quantities
Scalar
Distance
Total length moved by an object regardless of its direction
Speed
Mass
Energy
Time
Only has a magnitude
Vector
Displacement
Shortest distance between 2 specified points
Velocity
Acceleration
Force
Weight
Has magnitude and direction
Speed
Def: Distance moved per unit time
Formulas
Speed=distance/time
Velocity=displacement/time taken
Both measured in
m/s
Velocity
Def: the rate of change of displacement
Measuring lengths
Meter ruler/Measuring tape
Measure lengths of up to 0.1cm or 1mm
Digital calipers
Measure up to 0.01cm or 0.1mm
Digital micrometer screw gauge
Measure up to 0.0001cm or 0.001mm
Parallax errors
Eyes should be positioned such that they are perpendicular to the ruler
Measuring time
Pendulum
Bob swings freely and one complete to-and-fro motion is one oscillation
A period is the time taken to complete one oscillation
Measure up to 1 seconds
Stopwatches
Manual operation by hand
Measure up to 0.01 seconds
Random error
Also known as the human reaction time (0.3s-0.5s)
Due to the manual operation of the stopwatch
Prefixes
Symbol
Prefix
Factor
tera-
10^12
T
10^9
giga-
G
10^6
mega-
M
10^3
kilo-
k
10^-1
deci-
d
10^-2
centi-
c
10^-3
milli-
m
µ
10^-6
micro-
10^-9
nano-
n