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Written Translation - Coggle Diagram
Written Translation
LEXICAL FEATURES OF TRANSLATION
Realia
an object, a thing, tangibly existing or having existed, often connecting the word in the sense of "life".
Non-equivalent words are words used to express concepts that do not exist in the other culture
Onomastic realities:
1) Geographical names (toponyms)
2) anthroponyms
3) names of works of literature and art
Realis:
1) individual words
2) collocations
3) sentences
4) abbreviations
Transmitting realis:
I. transcription
II. transliteration
III) Translation
1)Neologism:
A) calque
B) half-calque
2) approximate translation
3) the principle of generic substitution
the principle of generic substitution
Americanisms
Instead of Present Perfect - Past Simple (Indefinite) is used:
Use of Past Simple instead of Past Perfect
Prepositions
Articles
Orthography (spelling)
Lexical composition
Phraseological terms
Translation of neologisms
Neologisms are new words that have not yet been registered in dictionaries
Expanding the meaning
Prefixal and suffixal formation of new words
Formation of neologism by conversion, substantiation and adjectivation
Techniques for translation of neologisms
1) transcription
2) transliteration
3) calque
4)descriptive translation
translation
Phases of translation
Key tasks and features of translation
Translation and interpretation
From the history of translation
THEORETICAL PROBLEMS OF TRANSLATION
Linguists distinguish two phases of translation as a process:
The requirement for translation as an end result
abridged translation:
selective or functional translation.
literal or word-for-word translation, semantic translation and communicative translation.
UNITS OF TRANSLATION : AND TEXTUAL DIVISION
The phenomenon of contextual word
spatio-temporal
rhema
Transmission of international and pseudo-international words, or "false friends of the translator”
Pseudo-international words
words that are similar in spelling and sound in different languages and have the same meaning, and words that look alike have a different meaning.
International words
words often express socio-political and scientific concepts
LEXICAL FEATURES OF TRANSLATION
Translation of context-independent words
transfer of proper names and place names, firms, newspapers and magazines by means of transcription, transliteration or calquing
Translation of context-dependent words
polysemantic words, contextual meanings of words
Transliteration
transmission
transcription