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Chapter 4 Paideia 18. Working With Writing: A Rhetorical Approach, Sharon…
Chapter 4 Paideia 18. Working With Writing: A Rhetorical Approach
This chapter turns the attention to rhetoric as a way to better understand writing as complex and situated. Rather than thinking if rhetoric or its concepts as new vocabulary words whose definition must be memorized.
We can think about what they allow us to do with or understand about writing.
A rhetorical approach to writing helps us ask (and answer) questions about writing`s complexities, about how it is situated and how it works.
What is rhetoric? histories, purposes, definitions
Rhetoric becomes a shorthand for a variety of approaches to studying, communication, and writing that emphasizes the work of language, the varieties of which emerge from specific cultures and with specific histories all over the world.
A rhetorical approach to writing can help us focus on why and how language and writing work in specific cultural and community contexts.
"Art that helps people compose effective discourse"
2.-Rhetoric is a tool that allows us put ideas together
1.-Helps us remember we can practice to get better at it.
3.- Effective discourses is not only discourse that has an effect but that has the one we`re going for.
Writing situations as rhetorical situations
Trying to make decisions without considering the situation in which you are writing can thus result in less-than-successful writing.
Similarities and differences are not limited to historical circumstances or technological affordances but to all the social and cultural circumstances of someone`s passing.
Required response?
The idea that a situation invites or prescribes a certain type of response does not mean that response is the only or best one. It means, there is a history of similar situations and responses that shape what is expected, or what seems "appropriate" or fitting.
Genres do not just exist but emerge and take shape in relation situations, based on specific purposes, functions, cultures, and audiences.
Genres are not rule-governed, they "arise as successful responses to recurring situations"
It is also important to consider your own goals and relationship to the genre. In what situation do you want to adopt specific genre conversations and fit the expectations of your audience? In what situations do you want to break what seem to be its rules?
What does it mean to study a situation?
Bitzer argues there are three components necessaries to any rhetorical situation
Exigence
: Our impetus to write, which can be internal or external, personal or professional , public or private.
Audience
: A rhetorical audience consists only of those persons who are capable of being influenced by discourse and of being mediators of change.
Constraints
: Every rhetorical situation contains a set of constraints made up of persons, events, objects, and relations which are parts of the situation because they have the power to constrain decisions and action needed, to modify the exigence.
Conversations and conditions of possibility
The conditions of possibility in the situations to which we respond and in which we write are always culturally specific, involving long histories of interaction and communication that shape what is possible.
We can make choices that align with and respond to a situation`s "requirements," but we can also make other choices. Each has consequences. Each has effects.
Sharon Crowley and Debra Hawhee
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