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Paper 2 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - "Somewhere the big dog barked again. With the help of fear and the echoes of winter silences, that dog had a voice like a big bronze gong" (61) -> foreshadowing + the dog is a German Shepard dog(as it is fighting on the German side) which reminds us of German soldiers in WW2
        
        "Princess" is the name of the dog(66) -> she was taken from a farm that morning -> very scared, not accustomed to war -> opposite to sterotype of war and war dogs
        
        "Princess" was included in the book as her role is ironic -> as a farmer's dog, her job is normally to care for a protect farm animals -> however she is taken and stripped from that role and forced to be fighting in war without experience -> no free will
        
        Her scared demeanor indicates that she should not be in this war, and thus other soldiers should not be fighting in this war as well
    - - timeless area -> completely sealed off so there is no light nor dark coming in -> soldiers inside cannot understand the passage of time
        
        “One of [the soldiers] saw Billy’s face at the ventilator, He wagged his finger at him in affectionate warning, telling him to be a good boy” (88)
        Takes typically traumatising experiences for soldiers and turns it into something ironic or funny
        (Black humour)
    - - Eerie, links to the Tralfamadorian saucer in the way they sound "He heard the cry of what might have been a melodious owl, but it wasn't a melodious owl. It was a flying saucer" (95) The saucer shines a bright light down into the dark -> similar to owl as owls eyes are bright and stand out in the dark
        
        "There were two peepholes inside the airlock -- with yellow eyes pressed to them"(96)
  - - - Phallic symbol -> Erect
      - Violence -> has the ability to shift power + control between people
        
        Paulina holds the gun and refuses to give it to Gerado as she has power over the situation + place by holding the gun -> the two men have no power as they are being controlled by her
    - - By stuffing the panties in Roberto's mouth -> she is establishing power over him
      - Sexuality, Violence, Revenge, Female empowerment
    - - Links to Slaughterhouse 5 (Owl motif)
      - Thrust into the spotlight -> freezes in place/freezes in time
      - Lamping as a hunting technique -> violent + predatorily -> similar to Paulina as she seeks for revenge and hunt her rapist
    - - The play was originally titles Scars on the Moon (Scars would be associated with Paulina’s trauma)
        
        Often a feminine symbol -> represents the tide of time
      - Escapism, dream-like state
      - Natural light -> contrasted with artificial headlamp from car)
    - - Unconscious mind, limitless depth, boundless, unknowability
      - Memory (Try to remember what happened/remind themselves)
      - Escapism (a tendency to seek distraction from unpleasant realities)
- - - - The moon captures Paulina’s memory of being rapes -> allows Paulina to force her memories to be put away in a physical object
        
        The sea is mentioned many times throughout the play in stage directions -> symbolises Paulina's unconscious mind and acts as a way for Paulina too physically submerge her memories in the depths of the ocean
      - Paulina has fragmented speech -> tries to recall her memory from the ocean -> bringing the memory up again
      - Similar to TTTC -> Stockings -> Dobbins also uses a physical object(stockings) to use other memories to suppress negative memories/emotions
        
        Mary-Anne in Sweetheart of Song Tra Bong -> form for her boyfriend(Fossie) to escape from the war
        
        Mary-Anne wears “white culottes and a sexy pink sweater” -> brings in parts of his pre-war life + a normality from the city -> allows Fossie to escape into his pre-war life
        
        When Mary-Anne tries to escape from the conformity of society -> Fossie forces Mary-Anne back into her pre-war clothes and stereotypical femininity (perfume, makeup etc.) to keep her in state where he can escape into memories of his pre-war life
      - Setting -> Paulina lives in a beach house -> separated herself from society and where her traumatic experience occured
        
        Different to Dobbins in "Stockings" -> Dobbins find objects to bring the memory to his mind while Paulina find objects(moon + sea) to remove herself of her memories
    - - in "The Things They Carried" (short novel) Lieutenant Cross carried a rock in his mouth that reminded him of a girl he liked, Martha. "His mind wandered. He had difficulty keeping his attention on the war."
        
        This resulted in Lavender (a soldier) dying as Jimmy Cross was not focused on their surroundings and his soldiers -> felt guilt for being lost in his mind and Martha
  - - - O’Brien mixes fiction with reality -> tells lies so we as readers don’t know what is true and what are lies
      - O’Brien takes a more realistic and more stereotypically ‘war’ approach to war -> Vietnam War
        
        Vonnegut takes a more fictional/fantastical(?) approach/view towards war -> World War 2
        
        Doesn’t antagonise the Germans -> O’Brien doesn’t necessarily antagonise the Viets (antagonises the american soldiers? -> they ruthlessly kill baby animals)
    - - Like Slaughterhouse 5, Billy’s experience with the Tralfamadorians may not be real -> although he says its real we don’t know
        
        We also don’t know if the experiences of Billy are real, did Vonnegut experience them?
  - - - Act 1 Scene 5 Lady Macbeth's soliloquy
        
        chatices Macbeth for being too nurturing and kind towards the people -> believes Macbeth should take the crown himself and kill for the crown knowing that the witches have prophesies that Macbeth would be the next king
        
        "unsex me here" -> tells the spirits(witches) to take away her femininity and instead fill her with masculinity -> give her the power and ability to kill the king herself for Macbeth so that they can become the king and queen
        
        "take my milk for gall" -> milk is a female produce (milk for when pregnant with children) -> remove her feminine nature for a masculine and scheming nature to plan the murder of King Duncan
        
        "Look like th'innocent flower, But be the serpent under't" Lady Macbeth
        
        Act as things they are not -> become more vile in nature compared to their outward appearance (be sweet and innocent, but underneath they kill the kings)
        
        "'Tis not for you to hear what i can speak: The repetition, in a woman's ear, Would murther as it fell" (Act 2 Scene 3)
        
        Ironic as Macduff says that Lady Macbeth cannot hear as she is weak of heart but Lady Macbeth unsexed herself and planned Duncan's murder
    - - Paulina with her gun
        
        Gun symbolism
        
        The gun holds power within the setting of the play -> as Paulina holds the gun she now has the power as both Roberto and Gerado are afraid of her and her power over their lives
        
        Paulina acts like Lady Macbeth as in a society where men are typically in control over their wives, both women take control over their husbands to try and gain power
        
        However, lady Macbeth takes power by removing her 'weak' attributes (femininity as females are weaker than males) and uses this to become stronger -> take power for the benefit of both herself and her husband
        
        Paulina takes power and uses it to her own benefit over Gerado -> who instead of supporting her (like Macbeth), he tries to take the power away from her
        
        Paulina refuses to give the gun to Gerado as this would mean he would take the power from her -> taking away her chance of gaining 'revenge' or relieving her pent-up emotions
        
        Additionally, Paulina gags Roberto during a majority of the play -> she often speaks to him as he is gagged -> she freely speaks her thoughts to him no matter how insignificant they are
        
        Similar to Lady Macbeth's soliloquy -> gaining power through their own thoughts and describing them (?)
      - Gerado who confines Paulina into the beach house
        
        He hides the shame of having a 'malfunctioning wife' as in their society, men are in control over their wives
        
        Gerado is a worker for the government -> must appear 'perfect' in society as a high-ranking official
    - - Both are plays
        
        Post modern play (DTM)
        
        Mirrors come down in the final act -> Dorfman breaks the fourth wall by doing so -> relates the play directly with the audience
        
        reflects the trauma + power dynamics from the play onto the audicne -> affirmations that they too can gain power for themselves to try and perform a form of vigilantism
        
        Both have very brief stage directions -> many ways the directors can depict the play and many methods it can be interpreted
        
        Victorian era play (Macbeth)
        
        The play doesn't interact with the audience at all -> separating the power dynamics within the play with actual power dynamics with the real world