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Dana De Guzman Period 2. Muscular system - Coggle Diagram

- - - - when an electrical impulses reaches the end of the axon of a motor neuron, synaptic vesicles, release neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft, the gap between the membranes of the neuron and muscle fiber.
        
        Mitrochondira and synaptic vesicles stores the neurotransmitters
- - - - acetylcholine binds to the acetylcholine receptors
        
        Sarcolemma is then stimulated, an impulse travels over the surface of the muscle fiber and into the transverse tubules
        
        the impulse reaches the sarcoplasmic reticulumn and calcium channels open
        
        calcium ions diffuse from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and into the cytosol and binds to troponin molecules
        
        Tropomyosin molecules move and exposes specific sites on actin where myosin heads can bind
        
        cross-bridges form and links thin and thick filaments
        
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- - - - In the calcium entry, synaptic vesicles releases acetylcholine through the exocytosis
        
        Acetylcholine is diffused throughout the synaptic cleft. The acetylcholine then binds to acetylcholine receptors.
        
        Ligand-gated cation channels opens. Ligand-gated cation channels is located in the acetylcholine receptors.
        
        sodium ions enter the muscle fiber. Potassium ions exit the muscle
        
        When the membrane potential reaches a threshold value, an action potential spreads throughout the sarcolemma. When acetylcholine is removed from the synaptic cleft, the muscle relaxes. Acetylcholine is broken by the enzyme Acetylcholinesterase.
- - - - Perimysium: extends iinward from the epimysium, It surrounds bundles of skeletal muscle fibers (fascicles)
        
        Each muscle fiber is covered by a connective tissue called endomysium
- - - - symptoms: mental retardation, eyelid drooping, loss of strength
        
        treatment options: no known cure, physical therapy, medication
  - - - muscle pain, tender joints, stiffness
        
        Physical theraphy, massage, lifestyle change
  - - - muscle weakness, shortness of breath, facial paralysis
        
        no known cure, medication, thymectomy
  - - - mild to sever, delayed development, muscle tightness
        
        no cure, physical therapy, surgical intervention
  - - - muscle weakness, swelling, tenderness
        
        Medication, antibiotics, reduce inflammation