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The Nation State and Globalisation - Coggle Diagram
The Nation State and Globalisation
Nation State
an independent self-governing body whose citizens possess a shared identity and sovereignty, according to realists is the most important actor
The Westphalian principles of 1648 laid out principles of state sovereignty such as military, diplomatic recognition etc
Globalisation refers to the way the world becomes more closely connected, through numerous diverse channels dramatically advanced by technology
Hyperglobalisers - growing channels have undermined the importance of the nation state, independent decision making has been lost
Transformationalists - they suggest nation states are adapting to it rather than being hollowed out, global free trade for example can enhance sovereignty
Globalisation sceptics are reluctant to abandon their sovereignty to instiutions, e.g the trump admininistration
Economic Globalisation
Economic Globalisation is driven by IGO's such as the World Bank / IMF which aim to reduce trade barriers and encourage the growth of global markets
The IMF, established in 1944 aimed to link the postwar economies to prevent further conflict (and has so far been successful)
Nation states have incentives to keep corporation tax low, and states conforming to the Washington consensus of free market principles, decisions of MNC's often shape policy & prosperity of nation states
The impact of financial crashes are multiplied by economic globalisation, e.g 2008
However nation states can still limit it's extent, Trump pulled out of the TPP as he believed it did not serve America's interests and also raised protectionist tariffs on major importers
It has also threatened job security, especially in the EU, which has led to the growing popularity of populist workers rights movements, concessions led to an increase in minimium wage
Political Globalisation
This refers to how nation states increasingly share power, IGO's and NGO's are crucial in determining media response and as a result how states act / shape policy
Regional organisations also do this, ASEAN formed in 1967 creates a cobweb model as so many states are involved
The growth of such bodies shows that nation states are willing to pool their sovereignty
NGO's such as greenpeace are advancing the political debate, provoking talks on climate change and Bezos's blue origin is utilising the resources of space
many nation states also work together in humanitarian crises
Cultural Globalisation
This is the process where the differences between cultures become less significant, often known as Coca-colonization
It creates a Mcworld where a rich variety of cultures is homogenised, also known as Americanisation
The spread of global MNC's helps establish a global monoculture, undermining cultural diversity, the success of Bollywood shows how nations can adapt their own traditions