low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue leading to fragility and fractures. weakens bones and become brittle. imbalance of osteoblasts ( bone forming cell) and osteoclasts (bone removing cell) causes a decrease in bone density. bone is eroded faster than deposited

losing bone is part of ageing but can lead to osteoporosis. women lose bone rapidly after menopause as oestrogen declines after menopause. oestrogen promotes bone formation.

i - stay at home to work, change to different jobs in work, miss time for appointments

e - irritated, scared, unwilling to exercise, concerns for diet, can’t do daily tasks

p- can’t sleep from pain, can’t do high impact sport, fear of falling, poor mobility, develop pour posture from pain

s - regular appointments, social isolation from fear of falling, feel judged by others

increases with age, smoking, family history, low calcium and low vitamin D diet, anorexia, post menopause, female, heavy drinking, medication, steroids, lack of exercise, other conditions such as coeliac disease and COPD.