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OSTEOPOROSIS - Coggle Diagram
OSTEOPOROSIS
symptoms
can be none
sudden fractures from small incident
fracture ribs when coughing or sneezing
bones ache, restricted mobility, pain
effects
i - stay at home to work, change to different jobs in work, miss time for appointments
e - irritated, scared, unwilling to exercise, concerns for diet, can’t do daily tasks
p- can’t sleep from pain, can’t do high impact sport, fear of falling, poor mobility, develop pour posture from pain
s - regular appointments, social isolation from fear of falling, feel judged by others
causes
losing bone is part of ageing but can lead to osteoporosis. women lose bone rapidly after menopause as oestrogen declines after menopause. oestrogen promotes bone formation.
increases with age, smoking, family history, low calcium and low vitamin D diet, anorexia, post menopause, female, heavy drinking, medication, steroids, lack of exercise, other conditions such as coeliac disease and COPD.
lifestyle changes
Reduce tripping hazards
do exercise
control diet to ensure right levels of calcium and vitamin D
regular appointments
changes made to home
stop smoking and reduce alcohol intake
take medication
explanation
low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue leading to fragility and fractures. weakens bones and become brittle. imbalance of osteoblasts ( bone forming cell) and osteoclasts (bone removing cell) causes a decrease in bone density. bone is eroded faster than deposited
treatment
Calcium and vitamin D supplements
exercise
physiotherapy
hormone replacement therapy
biphosphates to slow down bones breaking down
but have side effects
medication to strengthen bones
care needs
Checkups, technology and at home adjustments
managing symptoms and advice on exercise
physiotherapy
monitoring
Bone density scan (DEXA)
measures bone density
blood tests measure hormone and calcium levels