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CORONARY HEART DISEASE - Coggle Diagram
CORONARY HEART DISEASE
explanation
Damage to the endothelium
of coronary blood vessels. Atheroma builds up on walls of arteries. when wall is damaged fats and cholesterol from LDL'S deposit on the walls. white blood cells die and get trapped making a plaque substance called an atheroma. blocking the vessel causing atherosclerosis.
symptoms
can have no symptoms
angina - pain in chest, short breath, tiredness, tight chest, nausea and sweating
myocardial infarction - lightheaded, weak, chest and jaw pain
causes
LDL deposits on artery causing a build up.
smoking, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, age, diabetes, genes and family history, alcohol or too stressed
effects
heart failure or heart attack
P - lack of mobility makes daily tasks hard, pain causes sleep problems, lack of exercise makes hard to lose weight
I - time off work for appointments and surgeries
E - lack of sleep can cause depression, anxiety, lack social contact, feel helpless and dependent, hard to give up smoking and drinking
S - lack of social contact, time off work
monitoring
ECG
blood tests for cholesterol and sugar levels
angiogram for x-rays of coronary arteries
care needs
regular appointments
exercise plans
family support after surgery
post op rehab programme
treatments
nitrates to relax arteries to increase blood flow
can cause headaches and nausea.
statins - lower cholesterol but cause headaches and cant sleep
antiplatelet medication e.g aspirin to reduce blood clots but cause headaches and nausea
ACE inhibitors lower blood pressure but cause headaches and coughs
surgery - angioplast balloon is put into artery inflated and mesh added to open artery it can cause further damage. coronary bypass - piece of artery used to bridge blocked region individual could take a long time to recover
life style changes
diet - balanced, low salt and fats in addition reduced carbohydrates
exercise - regular lower BMI
social - stop smoking, less alcohol, reduce caffeine
routines - more sleep, less stress, regular health checks