Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Classification of transfusion reaction - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Allergic
        
        Urticarial rash
        
        IgE related
        
        Patients with history of allergies
        
        Donors with high igE levels and allergies
        
        Anaphylactic reaction (Rare)
        
        IgA deficient recipients
        
        Haptoglobin deficiency in asian recipients
        
        systemic anaphylaxis due to immune complexes activating complement
        
        Mast cells under the skin degranulate histamine to release --> Vasoconstriction --> respiratory stress (Life threaten)
      - Febrile 發燒 Febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reaction (FNHTR) (1% of post transfusion patients)
        
        more cm in chronic/repeated transfused patient (RBC and platelet product)
        
        Caused by HLA anti-HLA reactions, less cm in antibodies to neutrophil specific antigen (HNA)
        
        or Caused by cytokine released in platelet products (Platelet HLA), less cm platelet specific antibodies
      - Post transfused GvHD
        
        Caused by Un-irradiated cellular products given to immunocompromised recipients
        
        intrauterine and neonatal transfusions to premature infants
        
        Chemotherapy
        
        Transplant patient
        
        Congenital immune def. involving stems cells and T cells
      - TRALI (Transfusion related acute lung injury) (1:5000-10000)
        
        Mostly plasma containing products
        
        Transfused HLA Ab cause leucocytes to accum. in the lung (Huge inflammatory response) --> respiratory failure (Pulmonary oedema)
        
        occured in 2-4 h post-transfusion and maybe rapidly fatal
        
        Women with pregnancy more likely to develop HLA and HNA antibodies. We prefer use male FFP and platelets to avoid TRALI
      - PTP (post transfusion purpura) (Rare, cm in multiparous 多產women)
        
        Severe thrombocytopenia develop 5-10 days post-transfusion, may be fatal
        
        Patients are commonly HPA-1a negative --> develop anti-HPA-1a --> destroys both transfused and patients own platelets
        
        Treated with immunoglobulin and corticosteroids
      - TRIM (Transfusion-related immune modulation)
        
        Found in renal transplant transfusion.
        
        Pre-renal transplant transfusions can reduce the early rejection (< 3 months)
        
        Transfusion in patient with malignancy
        
        Increase the incidence of recurrence and infection
        
        Transfusion act as stimuli for production of autoantibodies
  - - - Bacteria
        
        Staphylococci from skin (Collection from blood);
        
        Psychrophilic and mesophilic bacteria e.g. pseudomonas sp, Yersinia sp.
        
        Anaplasma phagocytophilum
        
        Brucellosis
        
        Treponema pallidum (Routinely detected for syphilis)
        
        Commonly happen in platelet conc. as RT store
      - Protozoa
        
        Malaria, toxoplasma (Cat), Babesia, Filaria, Trypanosoma sp. (Chagas disease)
      - Viruses
        
        Hep B and C; HIV 1 and 2; CMV; HTLV1; TTV; HHV-8; parvovirus B19; West Nile virus (US); Chikungunya virus (India); Dengue virus (QL occ.); nvCJD (UK, and refused)